Water-security in Ethiopia and the Emotional response of Pastoralists (WEEP)

牧民是饲养牲畜的农民，他们为了寻找新鲜的牧场和水源而迁移他们的牛群。埃塞俄比亚有1200万人口，他们往往处于极端贫困之中。不幸的是，他们使用的牧场是有争议的，他们经常与其他土地使用者发生冲突。不断变化的气候正在改变资源的可用性，这可能使冲突恶化。政府正试图说服他们多样化他们的农业活动，种植可耕地作物。这可能限制他们获得水资源，增加他们的水不安全。传统的水资源获取数据侧重于家庭用水，而不是牲畜用水。它还列举了整个家庭的用水情况，当一些家庭成员长时间带着牲畜离开家时，这可能就无关紧要了。它并不试图了解人们如何体验他们的用水，或优先考虑不同的用途。这项研究将试图了解牧民对这种水不安全的情绪反应。它将比较三种类型的居住：以牧民为主的居住，混合居住和牧民占少数的居住。通过焦点小组和相关活动，研究人员将试图了解所有群体的用水是如何带来回报、压力或失望的。这些回答将用于项目的第二阶段，以开发一个易于管理的调查工具，要求用户在李克特量表上对他们的用水经验进行评分。这一结果将与更传统的指标进行比较，例如世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会用于监测可持续发展目标进展情况的指标。研究结果将用于影响埃塞俄比亚的水资源政策和实践。在全球范围内，这项研究将被那些试图从整体上为家庭和生产用途提供水的人使用。

Pastoralists are farmers who raise livestock, and move their herds in search of fresh pasture and water supplies. There are 12 million in Ethiopia and they are often in extreme poverty. Unfortunately the pastures they use are disputed and they often come into conflict with other land users. The changing climate is altering resource availability and this can make the conflicts worse. The government is trying to persuade them to diversify their farming activities and grow arable crops as well. This can restrict their access to water resources, increasing their water insecurity.Conventional water access data focusses on water for domestic uses, rather than water for livestock. It also enumerates the water access of an entire household which may not be relevant when some household members are away from home for extended periods with the livestock. It does not seek to understand how people experience their water use, or prioritise it for different uses.This research will seek to understand the emotional response of pastoralists to this water insecurity. It will compare three types of habitation: those dominated by pastoralists, mixed habitations and those where pastoralists form a minority. Through focus groups and related activities researchers will seek to understand how water use by all groups can be rewarding, stressful or disappointing. These responses will, be used in the second stage of the project to develop an easy-to-administer a survey tool where users are asked to rate their experience regarding water use on a Likert-scale. The results of this will be compared to more conventional indicators, for example those used by the World Health Organisation and UNICEF to monitor progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.The findings will be used to influence water policy and practice in Ethiopia. Globally, the research will be used by people who are trying to provide water holistically for both domestic and productive uses.