Parties, Parliament and the Brexit Process

2016年英国脱欧公投已经对英国政党和英国议会产生了重大影响。它正在重塑政党内部和政党之间的分歧，影响政党和个别议员采取的战略，并要求议会调整其结构和程序，因为英国脱欧进程成为其活动的一个关键领域。拟议的项目汇集了来自法律和政治学领域的专家，他们将与工业和议会信托基金合作，为他们的研究提供信息，并确保与政策制定者和工商界的对话。（如议会程序和结构），以及立法和监管规范，同时审查政党的动机和行为，个别议员和政府。这些是相互关联的，因为党内分歧、跨党派联盟以及议员对英国退欧的不同偏好将影响议会对退欧进程的审查方式和程度。本项目的目的是：（1）加深了解英国脱欧公投如何影响英国政党政治，包括政党内部和政党之间的分歧、议员的立场和偏好、政党在议会中的地位以及政党在欧盟问题上的竞争。我们将收集和分析自2010年以来各政党和议员在欧盟问题上的立场数据，评估党内分歧如何变化，以及跨党派合作的新模式是否正在出现。(2)了解议会如何在其结构和程序方面应对英国脱欧，以及这种应对措施的有效性。我们将审查新的退出欧盟特别委员会，欧洲审查委员会和其他部门特别委员会的工作，收集数据并评估这些机构内部和之间的分歧与合作。(3)确定最容易受到政党之间和内部冲突影响的政策领域，以及一旦英国离开欧盟最有可能改变的政策领域。英国脱欧后，英国议会将对一系列政策领域（如环境保护、农业、就业权利）进行监管，这些领域迄今为止一直是欧盟层面的立法。议会将选择如何立法，以及在什么原则下立法。我们评估议员寻求制定现有欧盟立法的英国版本或继续广泛采用欧盟规范和标准的程度。我们对议员是否根据传统党派关系行事的研究，或新的跨党派联盟和党内纠纷的出现也将有助于解释什么因素塑造了英国脱欧后的立法议程。(4)通过与我们的影响力合作伙伴工业和议会信托基金（IPT）合作，满足主要利益相关者的需求：（a）更好地了解商业和工业利益相关者对英国脱欧进程的利益和关注，以及英国脱欧可能给他们的活动带来的变化;（B）促进商业和工业利益相关者与议员之间的有效对话，特别是通过一系列研讨会和讲习班;及（c）就议会及议员在英国脱欧过程中的角色及活动，向工商界持份者提供清晰的指引及分析。(5)为了最大限度地提高用户参与度和公众的理解，通过与ERSC英国的主任在不断变化的欧洲方案和其他项目内：（a）综合和发展对政党，议会和权限转移的研究;（B）传播我们的研究成果，以方便的形式通过各种论坛的利益相关者和公众的范围;以及（c）为未来研究英国脱欧的影响奠定基础。

The 2016 referendum vote for Brexit is already having a significant effect on British political parties and the UK Parliament. It is reshaping the divisions within and between political parties, impacting upon the strategies adopted by parties and individual MPs, and requiring Parliament to adapt its structures and procedures as the Brexit process becomes a critical area of its activity. The proposed project brings together experts drawn from the fields of law and political science, who will work with the Industry and Parliament Trust to inform their research and ensure dialogue with policymakers and the business community.The project combines analysis of the importance of institutions (e.g. parliamentary procedures and structures), and legislative and regulatory norms with an examination of the motivations and behaviour of political parties, individual MPs and the government. These are linked because internal party divisions, cross-party alliances and the differing preferences of MPs on Brexit will affect how - and how well - Parliament scrutinises the process of leaving the EU. The purpose of this project is:(1) To enhance understanding of how the Brexit vote has affected UK party politics, including divisions within and between parties, the positions and preferences of MPs, party positions in Parliament and party competition on EU issues. We will collect and analyse data on the positions on the EU issue adopted by parties and MPs since 2010, assessing how divisions within parties are changing and whether new patterns of cross-party cooperation are emerging. (2) To develop knowledge of how Parliament has responded to Brexit in terms of its structures and procedures, and how effective this response has been. We will examine the work of the new Exiting the EU select committee, the European Scrutiny Committee and other departmental select committees, collecting data on and assessing divisions and cooperation within and across these bodies. (3) To identify those areas of policy that have been most subject to conflict between and within parties and are most likely to change once the UK has left the EU. After Brexit, the UK Parliament will exercise regulatory control over a range of policy areas (e.g. environmental protection, farming, employment rights) which have hitherto been legislated for at the EU level. Parliament will make choices about how, and under what principles it wishes to legislate. We assess the extent to which MPs seek to formulate UK versions of existing EU legislation or continue to broadly adopt EU norms and standards. Our research on whether MPs behave according to traditional party affiliations, or new cross-party alliances and intra-party disputes emerge will also help to explain what factors shape the post-Brexit legislative agenda. (4) To address the needs of key stakeholders by working with our impact partner the Industry and Parliament Trust (IPT) to: (a) better understand the interests and concerns of business and industry stakeholders regarding the Brexit process and the changes that Brexit is likely to bring to their activities; (b) foster effective dialogue between business and industry stakeholders and MPs, notably through a series of seminars and workshops; and (c) provide business and industry stakeholders with clear guidance and analysis of the role and activity of Parliament and MPs in the Brexit process.(5) To maximise user engagement and public understanding by working with the Director of the ERSC UK in a Changing Europe Programme and other projects within it to: (a) synthesise and develop research on parties, Parliament and the transfer of competences; (b) disseminate our research findings to a range of stakeholders and the general public in an easily-accessible form through a variety of forums; and (c) lay the foundations for future research on the impact of Brexit.