ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING

正在制定和测试一个学习和解决问题的模式。 根据该模型，人们在记忆或解决问题方面的表现 任务可以基于回忆或特定的先前事件， 问题（即，“情节”编码和检索），或回忆规则 以及人们从这些经验中抽象出来的概念（即， “基于抽象的”编码和检索）。根据型号，系列 学习活动的一致性，鼓励一个或另一个 这些类型的表征导致了最容易理解的心理 最有效的解决问题的方法。结果从一系列的 研究学习和迁移对记忆的影响的实验， 解决问题的能力支持了这个模型。

A model of learning and problem-solving is being developed and tested. According to the model, people's performance on memory or problem-solving tasks can be based on either recall or specific previous events and problems (i.e., "episodic" encoding and retrieval), or on recall of rules and concepts people have abstracted from those experiences (i.e., "abstraction-based" encoding and retrieval). According to the model, series of learning events which are consistent in encouraging one or the other of these types of representation result in the most accessible mental portrayals and the most efficient problem-solving. Results from a series of experiments investigating learning and transfer effects on memory and problem-solving have supported the model.