Supporting the Industrial Strategy

1)培养技能：系统中的优势和劣势，以及可以做些什么。新的工业战略必须考虑教育系统如何培养当今和未来企业所需的一般技能和具体技能。CEP将综合所有各级(学校、学院和大学)现行教育系统的优势和劣势的证据，并强调可以改进的地方。这可能是在目前的体系内，或者通过设计新的机制来激励个人和公司投资于培训。与职业教育研究中心(CEVER)的研究人员一起，我们可以对技术和职业教育的研究结果进行综合。我们还将能够更深入地研究与高等教育机构的公司层面的关系，目的是更好地了解它们如何影响当地经济。2)推动全国增长：绘制公司和劳动力市场的数据图。制定适当的以区域为重点的增长政策的出发点是了解现状，仔细记录这种情况是如何随着时间的推移而发生变化的，并更好地了解潜在和推动地理差异的因素。CEP正在开发更好的数据，以描述行业的地理分布，以及劳动力市场模式的相关变化，如实际工资停滞和包括零工经济在内的新型工作安排的兴起等问题。以及对数字经济及其对劳动力市场构成的机会和威胁以及对未来的影响的分析。我们将寻求发布描述数据的报告，绘制相关指标(包括生产率、投资、就业和薪酬)，以便政策制定者和利益相关者能够对自己的地区/行业进行基准评估。3)支持企业创业和发展：创新和扩散的驱动力。工业战略应侧重于解决市场失灵问题，这些失灵导致对推动生产率增长的创新、技术或组织实践的投资障碍。使用专利的一系列工作将分析技术和地区之间的创新溢出，以及刺激企业研发和创新的政策类型。溢出分析还将与新的区域全要素生产率(TFP)指标联系起来，以了解创新对当地经济的影响。这项工作将有助于指导政策制定者，研发投资的回报可能对英国最大。在这种情况下，我们将从经济增长和实现非经济目标(如减少温室气体排放和更安全的能源供应)的角度来考虑回报。我们还计划与伦敦政治经济学院的格兰瑟姆研究所共同撰写一份关于清洁增长的报告。另一项工作将考虑财务限制对公司增长的作用，以及这些因素在多大程度上导致了英国最近糟糕的生产率表现。最后，我们将探讨管理实践与投资效率之间的关系。4)鼓励贸易和外来投资：英国退欧和产业战略。许多英国企业(特别是中小企业)在出口方面面临着长期存在的壁垒，英国退欧将在这一领域带来新的挑战。与此同时，尽管英国外国直接投资(FDI)迄今的表现更为强劲，但有人担心，英国退欧将促使跨国公司搬迁，以保持进入单一市场的机会。CEP将寻求了解英国退欧可能对贸易和外国直接投资的影响，以及对劳动力市场和消费者的影响。这将包括对部门和区域层面进行更深入的分析，并应有助于了解工业政策反应的范围和形式。

1) Developing Skills: Strengths and Weaknesses in the System, and What can be Done. The new Industrial Strategy must consider how the education system can create the general and specific skills needed by businesses today and in the future. CEP will synthesise evidence on strengths and weaknesses in the current education system at all levels (schools, colleges and universities), and highlight where improvements can be made. This might be within the current system, or through the design of new mechanisms to incentivise individuals and firms to invest in training. In conjunction with researchers from the Centre for Vocational Education Research (CVER), we can produce a synthesis of findings on technical and vocational education. We will also be able to study in more depth firm-level relationships with higher education institutions, with the aim of better understanding how they impact on local economies.2) Driving Growth across the Country: Mapping the Data on Firms and Labour Markets. The starting point for developing appropriate regionally focused growth policies is to understand the status quo, to carefully document how this has changed over time, and to better understand the factors underlying and driving geographic differences. The CEP is developing better data to describe the geographic spread of industry, and associated variation in labour market patterns like problems of real wage stagnation and the rise of new types of work arrangements, including the gig economy. As well as analysis of the digital economy, and the opportunities and threats it poses for the labour market and implications for the future. We will seek to release reports describing the data, map the relevant metrics (including productivity, investment, employment and pay) so that policymakers and stakeholders could benchmark their own regions/sectors. 3) Supporting Businesses to Start and Grow: Drivers of Innovation and Diffusion. The Industrial Strategy should be focused on addressing market failures which cause barriers to investment in innovation, technologies or organisational practices that drive productivity growth. One strand of work using patents will analyse the innovation spillovers between technologies and places, and the types of policy that stimulate business R&D and innovation. The spillover analysis would also be linked with new measures of regional Total Factor Productivity (TFP) to understand the local economic impact of innovation. This work will help guide policymakers to where the payoffs of R&D investment might be greatest for the UK. In this context, we would consider payoffs both in terms of economic growth but also in terms of achieving non-economic objectives such as lower greenhouse gas emissions and more secure energy supply. We also plan to produce a report together with the LSE's Grantham Institute on clean growth. Another strand of work will consider the role of financial constraints on firm growth, and the extent to which these have contributed to recent poor productivity performance in the UK. And finally, we will explore the relationships between management practices and investment efficiency. 4) Encouraging Trade and Inward Investment: Brexit and Industrial Strategy. Many UK firms (particularly SMEs) face longstanding barriers to exporting, and Brexit will create new challenges in this area. At the same time, while UK Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) performance has been stronger to date, there are concerns that Brexit will induce multinationals to relocate in order to maintain access to the single market. CEP will seek to understand the likely trade and FDI impacts of Brexit, and the implications for labour markets and consumers. This will include a deeper analysis of the sectoral and regional dimensions, and should be useful to inform the scope and form of industrial policy response.