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Generation COVID and Social Mobility: Evidence and Policy

新冠一代与社会流动性：证据与政策

基本信息

批准号：
ES/V010433/1
负责人：
Stephen Machin
金额：
$ 36.95万
依托单位：
London School of Economics and Political Science
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV010433%2F1
关键词：
Generation COVID Social Mobility Evidence

项目摘要

Our aim is to provide a comprehensive picture of the challenges the pandemic presents in terms of fostering a more socially mobile society in absolute and relative terms. Young people who fall into low quality jobs, long-term unemployment, or who fail to achieve the exam grades needed to pursue the next steps in education, training or employment, are unlikely to rise above the economic status of their parents during their lifetime. They face the prospect of faring worse than previous generations. Our focus is on these aspects of young people's lives and, in particular, on how policy can prevent an even greater chasm opening between the 'haves' and the 'have nots' by preventing educational and labour market 'scarring' of the hardest hit members of the COVID-19 generation.The starting point of the empirical analysis is to show how children's educational environment has been affected by the pandemic and how opportunities for learning from home differ by socioeconomic status. We will document how differences across individuals in parental time inputs, monetary inputs (such as online tutoring), and access to online schooling resources, differ by socioeconomic background. We will also explore how parental job loss and labour market status have shaped the home learning environment. Parents facing financial hardship, greater stresses caused by failing health, or increased workload due to having key worker status, are unlikely to be able to provide as much time and support for their children as higher earning parents who are able to work from home. We aim to quantify how these inputs combine to produce marketable skills and discuss policies to remedy the falls in inputs and ensure that the talent of children who have missed out on key instruction time does not go unfulfilled. Economic and educational hardship go hand in hand. Failing to reach one's potential at school can close the door not only to higher education, but also to the most desirable jobs and early career training opportunities. A dearth of opportunities early on can lead to limited opportunities later in life. In addition to education, we will focus on how the pandemic has affected those entering the labour market and those early in their careers. Given our focus on social mobility, we will look at how individuals from different backgrounds have had different labour market outcomes during lockdown. We will discuss what these outcomes are likely to mean for individuals as the lockdown ends and the transition towards a functioning labour market begins. Once again, we will present a series of proposals, and assess their efficacy, in light of our findings. The policy proposals are aimed at preventing current economic inequalities being further exacerbated by COVID-19. In particular, we will consider evidence (of our own and from others) to look at policies surrounding school and university admissions, vocational training and reskilling, and more general labour market policies such as job guarantees. In order to carry out the above, we will make use of a range of datasets that follow young people as they age. These data allow us to link home environments with labour market outcomes for birth cohorts. The three datasets that we will use - Understanding Society, the Millennium Cohort Study, and Next Steps - also contain, or will contain, modules looking at how the Covid-19 pandemic has affected study participants. In order to gauge the extent to which the polices we propose are supported by the public, we will also carry out a survey asking participants of their views on the redistributive polices that we propose.

我们的目的是全面说明这一流行病在绝对和相对促进一个更具社会移动的社会方面所带来的挑战。从事低质量工作、长期失业或考试成绩达不到继续接受教育、培训或就业所需的水平的年轻人，在其一生中不太可能超越其父母的经济地位。他们面临着比前几代人更糟糕的前景。我们的重点是年轻人生活的这些方面，特别是，关于政策如何通过防止教育和劳动力市场对新冠疫情最严重的成员造成“疤痕”，防止“富人”和“穷人”之间出现更大的鸿沟-19.实证分析的出发点是要说明儿童的教育环境如何受到这一流行病的影响，在家学习的机会因社会经济地位而异。我们将记录父母的时间投入，金钱投入（如在线辅导），并获得在线教育资源，个人之间的差异，不同的社会经济背景。我们还将探讨父母失业和劳动力市场状况如何塑造家庭学习环境。父母面临经济困难，健康状况恶化造成的更大压力，或由于具有关键工人身份而增加的工作量，不太可能像能够在家工作的高收入父母那样为子女提供尽可能多的时间和支持。我们的目标是量化这些投入如何结合联合收割机来产生可销售的技能，并讨论政策，以弥补投入的福尔斯下降，并确保错过关键教学时间的儿童的才能不会无法实现。经济和教育困难是同时存在的。不能在学校发挥自己的潜力不仅会关闭接受高等教育的大门，还会关闭最理想的工作和早期职业培训机会的大门。早期机会的缺乏可能导致以后生活中机会的有限。除教育外，我们将关注疫情如何影响进入劳动力市场的人和职业生涯初期的人。鉴于我们对社会流动性的关注，我们将研究来自不同背景的个人在封锁期间如何产生不同的劳动力市场结果。我们将讨论这些结果可能对个人意味着什么，因为封锁结束，并开始向正常运作的劳动力市场过渡。我们将再次提出一系列建议，并根据我们的调查结果评估其效力。政策建议旨在防止COVID-19进一步加剧当前的经济不平等。特别是，我们将考虑证据（我们自己的和来自他人的），以研究围绕学校和大学入学，职业培训和再培训的政策，以及更一般的劳动力市场政策，如就业保障。为了实现上述目标，我们将利用一系列随着年龄增长而跟踪年轻人的数据集。这些数据使我们能够将家庭环境与出生队列的劳动力市场结果联系起来。我们将使用的三个数据集--理解社会、千年队列研究和下一步--也包含或将包含研究新冠肺炎大流行如何影响研究参与者的模块。为了评估我们提出的政策得到公众支持的程度，我们还将进行一项调查，询问参与者对我们提出的再分配政策的看法。