T-SUM: Transitions to sustainable urban mobility

国际上有证据表明，人均国内生产总值的增长与城市汽车使用量的增长之间存在正相关关系。然而，以汽车为导向的城市发展导致了强烈的负外部性，如高二氧化碳排放、空气污染、交通拥堵、道路交通事故、城市蔓延、社会排斥、空间隔离和久坐不动的生活方式。这些导致难以获得和不平等，并影响社会经济发展。大多数机动化程度较高的全球北方城市现在正试图限制和减少交通水平，朝着可持续的机动性和更宜居的城市发展。发展中国家的城市面临着一个严峻的选择，要么重复发达国家许多城市的进化错误，要么“跨越”以汽车为导向的交通，直接围绕可持续交通和宜居性的原则发展城市。不断增长的城市经济有机会建立创新的解决方案，实现可持续和包容性的交通和土地利用模式；因此，避免被“锁定”在以汽车为导向的发展轨迹中——这在开发的后期阶段可能被证明是非常困难和昂贵的。T-SUM是一个跨学科和跨部门的合作项目，旨在确定在南半球发展中城市加速可持续和包容性交通和土地利用开发的条件。基于这样的观察，在机动车化、经济增长、社会和空间不平等加剧的背景下，制定和实施能够支持加速实施可持续交通结构的政策、做法和伙伴关系，是快速发展的城市迫切关注的问题。该项目最初将重点关注莫桑比克的马普托和塞拉利昂的弗里敦，作为撒哈拉以南非洲和全球南方其他地区城市经济增长的相关范例。挑战经济增长与以汽车为基础的城市交通之间的传统联系，同时记录撒哈拉以南非洲当前城市交通系统造成的社会经济和空间不平等，需要重新思考该地区城市的一些知识和方法。本提案旨在通过三个目标促进这场辩论：首先，根据全球北方和全球南方城市的数据，制定一个基于（非）可持续城市交通的替代发展轨迹的概念框架；第二，通过调查该区域两个快速发展的城市马普托和弗里敦的城市交通和土地使用数据，收集和共同提供证据；第三，启动参与式治理进程，通过与各级治理和部门的公众和专业利益攸关方进行循证参与，以可持续的流动性轨迹为基础，培育新的发展模式。这一过程将依赖于与政府和当地社区的跨学科合作；最终将产生基于证据的知识，为撒哈拉以南非洲城市及其他地区的政策提供信息，并加速可持续和社会包容性的交通发展。预期影响包括：改善马普托和弗里敦的城市治理进程和机构能力建设；引入公民参与和合作制作的传统；加快基于可持续性和包容性原则的城市交通发展路径，从而改善身心健康，促进繁荣，减少二氧化碳排放、空气污染和能源消耗，改善城市的可达性和社会包容性；数据和分析工具的遗产将有助于两个城市未来可持续交通的规划和实施。

There is evidence internationally that there is a positive association between an increase in GDP per capita and growing car use in cities. However, car-oriented urban development results in strong negative externalities, such as high C02 emissions, air pollution, congestion, road accidents, urban sprawl, social exclusion, spatial segregation and sedentary lifestyles. These lead to poor accessibility and inequity and affects socio-economic development. Most Global North cities with high levels of motorization are now attempting to constrain and reduce traffic levels and move towards sustainable mobility and more liveable cities. Cities in developing countries are faced with a stark choice of repeating the evolutionary mistakes of many of the cities in more developed countries, or 'leapfrogging' car-oriented mobility to directly develop cities around the principles of sustainable mobility and liveability. Growing urban economies have an opportunity to establish innovative solutions for achieving sustainable and inclusive mobility and land use patterns; thus, avoiding being 'locked-in' to a car-oriented development trajectory - which can prove very difficult and expensive to rectify at later stages of development.T-SUM is an interdisciplinary and cross-sector collaborative project that aims to identify the conditions under which sustainable and inclusive transport and land use development can be accelerated in growing cities in the Global South. It is grounded in the observation that, in the context of still-low-but-rising levels of motorization, economic growth and increasing social and spatial inequalities, the formulation and implementation of policies, practices and partnerships that can support an accelerated implementation of sustainable mobility structures is an urgent concern for rapidly developing cities. This project will initially focus on Maputo, Mozambique, and Freetown, Sierra Leone, as relevant examples of growing urban economies in Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the Global South. Challenging the traditionally assumed links between economic growth and car-based urban transport, alongside documenting the socioeconomic and spatial inequalities stemming from current urban transport systems in Sub-Saharan Africa, requires rethinking some of the knowledge and methodologies produced about cities of the region. This proposal seeks to contribute to this debate through three objectives: firstly, to develop a conceptual framework based on alternative development trajectories for (un)sustainable urban transport, drawing on data from cities across the Global North and the Global South; secondly, to assemble and co-produce evidence by interrogating urban transport and land use data in two rapidly developing cities in the region, Maputo and Freetown; and thirdly, to initiate participative governance processes to foster new models of development based on a sustainable mobility trajectory, through evidence-based engagement with public and professional stakeholders across levels of governance and sectors. The process will rely on collaborations across disciplines, with government and with local communities; and ultimately will produce evidence-based knowledge for informing policy and accelerating sustainable and socially inclusive transport development in Sub-Saharan African cities, and beyond.Expected impacts include: Improved urban governance processes and institutional capacity-building in the cities of Maputo and Freetown;The introduction of a tradition of citizen engagement and co-production; Accelerated urban transport development pathways based on sustainability and inclusivity principles, resulting in improved physical and mental well-being, increased prosperity, reduced C02 emissions, air pollution and energy consumption, improved accessibility and social inclusion in cities; A legacy of data and analytical tools that will assist both cities in their future sustainable mobility planning and implementation.