WELLbeing & COMMunity Engagement (WELLCOMM): evidence from observational studies & impact for social prescribing

关于为什么社区参与对我们物种的生存和繁荣至关重要，有很强的理论文献，以及来自干预研究的数据，特别是对福祉的好处。但是，关于哪些社群活动可以影响福祉的哪些方面以及谁最有可能受益的高质量、大规模和纵向研究仍然缺乏。因此，本项目将分析社区参与对福祉的好处，谁受益最大，以及如何鼓励不同人群的社区参与。我们将考虑六种类型的社区参与：>艺术参与，例如参与表演艺术（音乐/舞蹈/戏剧）和视觉艺术和手工艺（绘画/木制品/绘画/摄影/陶瓷/雕塑/纺织品）>文化和遗产，例如去博物馆，画廊或展览，剧院，或音乐会，电影院，节日，集市和活动，庄严的住宅或建筑，历史遗迹，和景观的意义>图书馆和文学例如去图书馆，参观档案馆，并成为图书俱乐部或写作小组的成员>体育和自然活动，例如去公园或花园，园艺或参与分配，加入大自然散步或漫步组，参加锻炼班，体育俱乐部的成员，或参加体育赛事>慈善活动，例如慈善志愿服务，保护志愿服务或学校或社区志愿服务>社区团体，例如参与教育或夜校，政党，工会或环保团体，租户团体，居民团体或邻里守望团体，我们将考虑三种个人主观幸福感：>享乐幸福感，包括情感方面（如日常生活中的幸福和快乐以及没有负面影响）以及认知-评价方面（如生活满意度）>幸福感，包括繁荣，自我接纳，信任，环境掌握，自主权，目的和成长。>社会福祉包括社会融合，社会接受，社会贡献，社会实现和社会凝聚力在探索好处是什么和世界卫生组织的好处，我们将使用因果推理方法来探索社区参与和福祉之间的纵向关联使用四个领先的英国出生队列研究。这些数据集包括300个关于社区参与的问题和十几个不同的经验证的幸福量表：全国健康与发展调查（NCDS;又名1946年出生队列研究）全国儿童发展调查（NCDS;又名1958年出生队列研究）1970年出生队列研究（BCS 70）千年队列研究（MCS）在考虑如何鼓励参与时，我们将使用横截面统计方法，使用两个数据集来确定不同人群中参与的障碍或动机。其中，这些数据集包括30多个关于社区参与的问题和18个关于参与能力、机会和动机的问题：Fancourt在过去两年中收集的BBC Get Creative数据是英国89，749名成年人的数据集，作为2018-2019年公民科学实验的一部分。2.参与调查纵向数据，涉及2011- 2018年接受采访的10，182名成年人。这项研究工作将得到丰富的影响，参与和培训活动组合的补充（见“影响摘要”）。总的来说，该项目解决了一个核心的研究差距，旨在改变我们对社区参与和人口福祉之间关系的理解。我们计划的分析将提供有关哪些活动可能使哪些人受益以及如何激励这些人参与的信息。

There is strong theoretical literature on why community engagement is crucial to the survival and thrival of our species, and emerging data from intervention studies on the benefits specifically for wellbeing. But there remains a paucity of high-quality, large-scale, and longitudinal research on which community activities can affect which aspects of wellbeing and who is most likely to benefit. Consequently, this project will analyse WHAT the benefits of community engagement are for wellbeing, WHO benefits most, and HOW to encourage community engagement amongst different populations.We will consider six types of community engagement:> Arts engagement e.g. engagement in performing arts (music/dance/theatre) and visual arts and crafts (drawing/woodwork/painting/photography/ceramics/sculpture/textiles)> Culture and heritage e.g. going to museums, galleries or exhibitions, the theatre, or concerts, the cinema, festivals, fairs and events, stately homes or buildings, historical sites, and landscapes of significance> Libraries and literature e.g. going to libraries, visiting archives, and being a member of book clubs or writing groups> Sports and nature activities e.g. going to parks or gardens, gardening or engagement with allotments, joining nature walks or rambling groups, participation in exercise classes, membership of sports clubs, or attending sporting events> Volunteering e.g. charitable volunteering, conservation volunteering or school or community volunteering> Community groups e.g. engaging with education or evening classes, political party, trade union or environmental group, tenant groups, resident groups or neighbourhood watch groups, and social clubs.We will consider three sorts of individual subjective wellbeing:> Hedonic wellbeing including both affective aspects (such as happiness and pleasure in daily life and being free from negative affect) as well as cognitive-evaluative aspects (such as life satisfaction)> Eudemonic wellbeing including flourishing, self-acceptance, trust, environmental mastery, autonomy, purpose, and growth. > Social wellbeing including social integration, social acceptance, social contribution, social actualisation, and social coherenceIn exploring WHAT the benefits are and WHO benefits, we will use causal inference methods to explore longitudinal associations between community engagement and wellbeing using the four leading UK Birth Cohort Studies. Between them these data sets include 300 questions on community engagement and over a dozen different validated scales on wellbeing:i. The National Survey of Health and Development (NCDS; aka the 1946 Birth Cohort Study)ii. The National Child Development Survey (NCDS; aka the 1958 Birth Cohort Study) iii. The 1970 Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) iv. The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) In considering HOW to encourage engagement, we will use cross-sectional statistical methods to identify what the barriers or motivators to engagement are in different populations using two datasets. Between them these data sets include over 30 questions on community engagement and 18 questions on capabilities, opportunities and motivations to engage:1. The BBC Get Creative data, gathered by Fancourt over the past 2 years, is a dataset of 89,749 adults in the UK collected as part of a Citizen Science experiment across 2018-2019. 2. The Taking Part Survey Longitudinal data, involving 10,182 adults interviewed from 2011-2018.This research work will be complemented by a rich portfolio of impact, engagement and training activities (see 'Impact Summary'). Overall, this project addresses a core research gap and aims to transform our understanding of the relationship between community engagement and wellbeing at a population level. Our planned analyses will provide information about which activities are likely to benefit which individuals, and how these individuals can be motivated to take part.