Social Policy in Conflict-Affected Contexts. A Feminist Approach to Violence and Peace in the Basque Country.

即使宣布停火或签署和平协议，暴力也不会结束。暴力有多种形式，在暴力冲突之后可能继续存在。迄今为止，我的研究通过考察妇女在武装冲突中的经历，特别是北爱尔兰和巴斯克地区的经历，对暴力的复杂性产生了新的认识。我建议将民族志研究应用于社会政策的前提是，旨在建立和平的行动，从而消除一切形式的暴力，是人类和社会福利的基本组成部分（Galtung 1996； Mies和Shiva 1993； Porter 2003）。我的观点是，社会政策超出了福利国家提供服务的范围，而应该准确地关注建设和平进程旨在创造的社会福祉（Artaraz and Hill 2016; Vargas-Herna'ndez et al. 2011）。我的跨国比较研究，使用定性方法（包括人种学和参与性研究方法），分析信任和不平等的问题，影响当前的民主，特别是在冲突影响的背景下。如果社会各部门被排除在和平进程之外，对社会和政治机构的信任可能会出现致命缺陷，政治学、人类学或国际关系方面的许多研究都证实了这一点。艾肯2013;Bloomfield等人，2003；Galtung 1996;汉拔2009;贾曼2004;麦迪森2015)。学者们（除其他外，Bell and O’rourke 2007; Cockburn 1998; Enloe 2000; Milner 2010; Porter 2008; Reardon 1993; Ruddick, 1989; Sharoni 2010; Wibben 2016）、从业者和国际组织都强调了妇女在武装冲突期间和之后的作用。在历史性的联合国安理会关于妇女、和平与安全的第1325号决议（联合国2000年）通过20年后，妇女仍然被排除在和平进程之外，对维护国际和平与安全造成不利影响（联合国2019年）。我的研究对有关建设和平和过渡时期司法的国际辩论作出了原创性贡献；关于妇女、冲突与和平的比较研究正在形成；巴斯克研究；还有社会政策。我的研究推进了与武装冲突有关的各种形式的暴力的研究，以促进信任与和平冲突的转变以及社会的福祉。它在这样做时考虑到性别在暴力动态中所起的重要作用。我的学术研究受到多年在西班牙从事将性别主流化纳入政策制定和预防性别暴力工作的影响。这使我对社会政策和实践有了具体而扎实的理解，这将加强我所提出的研究的有效影响。我承诺在建立避免暴力的冲突后社会方面影响社会政策，这将在本研究金期间得到发展。我将通过在一个负责巴斯克武装冲突后果的区域政府机构任职，为改善和平建设、机构政策和民间社会倡议做出贡献；与民间社会团体的交流会议是我博士项目的一部分；组织一次国际研讨会，汇集学者和实践者，以加强我们在性别、建设和平和社会政策方面的集体研究。社会政策作为一个研究领域将受益于我的研究传播，我将通过向高影响力期刊和会议提交三篇文章来实现这一目标。在巩固研究北爱尔兰和巴斯克地区的研究成果后，我将在哥伦比亚和平进程的审查中推进社会政策实施的比较研究，这是我将在奖学金期间申请资助的项目。

Violence is not over when a ceasefire is declared, or peace agreements signed. Violence assumes multiple forms which can continue in the aftermath of violent conflicts. Thus far my research has generated new knowledge on the complexity of violence by examining women's experiences in armed conflicts, specifically Northern Ireland and the Basque Country. My proposed application of ethnographic research to social policy is based on the premise that actions designed to build peace, and thereby eliminate all forms of violence, are essential constituents of human and societal welfare (Galtung 1996; Mies and Shiva 1993; Porter 2003). My perspective is that social policy goes beyond the provision of services in welfare states, but should focus precisely on the well-being of societies that peacebuilding processes aim to create (Artaraz and Hill 2016; Vargas-Herna'ndez et al. 2011).My cross-national comparative study, using qualitative methodology (including ethnographic and participatory research methods), analyses issues of trust and inequality that affect current democracies, specifically in conflict-affected contexts. Trust in social and political institutions can be fatally flawed if sectors of the society are excluded in peace processes, such as numerous studies in Politics, Anthropology or International Relations have affirmed (eg. Aiken 2013; Bloomfield et al. 2003; Galtung 1996; Hamber 2009; Jarman 2004; Maddison 2015). A major exclusion highlighted by scholars (inter alia Bell and O'Rourke 2007; Cockburn 1998; Enloe 2000; Milner 2010; Porter 2008; Reardon 1993; Ruddick, 1989; Sharoni 2010; Wibben 2016), practitioners and international organisations regards the role of women during and after armed conflicts. Twenty years after the historical UNSC 1325 Resolution (United Nations 2000) on Women, Peace and Security, women still face exclusion from peace processes, resulting in detrimental impacts for the maintenance of international peace and security (United Nations 2019). My research makes an original contribution to international debates in relation to peacebuilding and transitional justice; to an emerging body of comparative research on women, conflict and peace; to Basque studies; and to social policy. My research advances the study of diverse forms of violence that pertain to armed conflict in order to contribute to trust and peaceful conflict transformation and to the well-being of societies. It does so taking into consideration the important role that gender plays in violence dynamics. My academic research is influenced by years working in Spain as a practitioner on the incorporation of gender mainstreaming in policymaking and on gender-based violence prevention. This provides me with a concrete, grounded understanding of social policy and practice that will strengthen the effective impacts of my proposed research. My commitment to influence social policy in building post-conflict societies that eschew violence will be developed during this Fellowship. I will contribute to the improvement of peacebuilding, institutional policies, and civil society initiatives through my placement at a regional governmental body working on the consequences of the Basque armed conflict; exchange meetings with civil society groups that have been part of my PhD project; and organising an international symposium that will bring together scholars and practitioners in order to enhance our collective research on gender, peacebuilding and social policy. Social policy as an area of research will benefit from the dissemination of my research, which I will achieve through the submission of three articles to high impact journal and conference presentations. After consolidating my research findings on study Northern Ireland and the Basque Country, I will advance comparative research for the implementation of social policy in an examination of the Colombian peace-process, a project for which I will apply for funding during the Fellowship.