ANATOMY OF THE PRIMATE VISUAL SYSTEM

为了更好地理解视觉关联皮层在 感知和记忆，我们已经检查了功能区， 包括了猕猴的大脑皮层， 使用神经解剖追踪技术 结合神经活动生理记录。 我们的研究结果表明， 位于信息流中的纹状皮层（VI）之外 处理. 这些区域被组织成两个不同的皮层 每个通路具有V1作为其初始输入的源。 一、 一个枕颞通道，使物体的识别， 而另一个是枕顶通路， 欣赏物体之间的空间关系以及 运动的视觉指导。 沿着枕颞区 V1、V2、V3、V4和下颞叶的TEO和TE通路 皮质）似乎是组织成一个系列层次，其中每个 区域处理颜色和形状。 相比之下，沿着 枕顶径路（V1、MT和MT的投射区， 顶叶皮层）处理刺激运动的方向。 因为 该通路的一个主要组成部分向前延伸到 颞上级沟的神经机制 视觉空间功能可能比以前更广泛 想的 脑血流研究数据表明， 在人类中，就像在猴子中一样，存在两种不同的视觉， 处理途径，虽然可能有跨物种 在解剖位置上的差异。 建立联系 枕颞和枕顶两条神经通路 运动系统，我们已经探索了视觉的投射， 连接皮层到纹状体。 这些目标 投射是尾状核和腹侧核的尾部 壳核，依次投射到黑质， 网状核（SNr）和苍白球（GP）。 因为 - SNr和GP到辅助马达的已知输入， 运动前皮质通过丘脑，纹状体可能是一个链接， 视觉系统对行为的影响。

To better understand the role of visual association cortex in perception and memory, we have examined the functional areas that comprise this cortex in the macaque and explored their interconnections by the use of neuroanatomical tracing techniques in combination with physiological recording of neural activity. Our results indicate that a multiplicity of separate visual areas lie beyond the striate cortex (Vl) in the stream of information processing. These areas are organized into two divergent cortical pathways, each having Vl as the source of its initial input. One, an occipitotemporal pathway, enables the recognition of objects, while the other, an occipitoparietal pathway, mediates the appreciation of spatial relationships among objects as well as the visual guidance of movement. The areas along the occipitotemporal pathway (Vl, V2, V3, V4, and TEO and TE of the inferior temporal cortex) appear to be organized as a serial hierarchy, in which each area processes both color and form. By contrast, the areas along the occipitoparietal pathway (Vl, MT, and MT's projection zones in parietal cortex) process the direction of stimulus motion. Because a major component of this pathway extends anteriorly within the superior temporal sulcus, the neural mechanisms underlying visuospatial function may be more extensive than previously thought. Data from cerebral blood flow studies indicate the existence in humans, as in monkeys, of two distinct visual processing pathways, although there may be cross-species differences in their anatomical locations. To establish the links of both the occipitotemporal and occipitoparietal pathways with the motor system, we have explored the projections of visual association cortex to the striatum. The targets of these projections are the tail of the caudate nucleus and ventral putamen, which project in turn to the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNr) and the globus pallidus (GP). Because of the known inputs of the SNr and GP to the supplementary motor and premotor cortex via the thalamus, the striatum could be a link by which the visual system influences behavior.