Precarious lives: Young migrants, citizenship and activism across Europe

该奖学金的目的首先是巩固我的研究成果，并通过学术和非学术出版物将其公开，其次是在此研究的基础上，在欧洲比较背景下开发一个新的研究项目。这一点很重要，因为我的研究涉及了一个研究不足的移民研究领域，它影响了英国一大批年轻人。这些出版物将涉及我的论文所做的以下关键贡献：1)迄今为止，对年轻“无证”移民的深入民族志研究很少，特别是在英国（Bloch等人，2014；Bloch和McKay, 2016； Sigona和Hughes， 2012）。正如Bloch等人所说，“无证移民和无证移民的现象不会消失，因此了解他们的异质经历变得越来越重要”（2014:2）。这项研究有助于深入细致地了解移民身份如何在伦敦年轻移民的日常生活中发挥作用。本研究参与者的情况与以前的研究参与者不同，因为他们在英国生活了大部分时间，在年轻时随父母移民到这里，而不是年轻时或最近。2)在交叉方法中突出移民身份，而不是从国家定义的移民类别开始，对这些国家类别提出问题，并分析它们如何与其他职位一起为年轻移民创造特定的生活经历和边缘化。基于这项研究，我认为，移民身份占主导地位的年轻人在生活中特定时刻的某些经历惊人地相似。这有助于理解“国家[…]在考虑移民问题时，是在考虑自身”（Sayad, 2004: 279），以及国家是如何产生脆弱性的（Anderson, 2008）。此外，移民身份的分析视角挑战了主导移民研究的方法论民族主义和群体主义（Gidley, 2014； Nowicka和Ryan, 2015； Wimmer和Glick Schiller， 2002）。3)本研究证明了将时间和时间性作为迁移研究中的一个重要因素的重要性。虽然Cwerner在2001年呼吁关注被忽视的时间与迁移研究领域，但在近二十年后，它在很大程度上仍然被忽视（2001;Griffiths, 2014）。我的研究表明，时间在许多方面对移民的经历都很重要，值得进一步研究和理论化。这是我将在这次联谊中发展的，因为我的导师鼓励我。4)本研究通过借鉴“关联社会学”的后殖民框架（Bhambra, 2014）和批判性种族理论，为移民研究提供了批判性视角，将当代移民研究置于历史和全球背景下。我的观点是，“移民研究”仍然处于“以西方为中心”的框架中，避免了在当代情况的种族建构中出现的帝国遗产。通过历史的视角审视英国当前的移民制度及其边界机制，使我们能够理解其在殖民主义时期的建立与当代分层之间的联系。5)我将在自己的研究基础上，在三个不同的欧洲国家比较探讨这些动态。这项奖学金将使我能够开展必要的案头研究，为比较研究建立案例研究，了解不稳定性在不同国家背景下是如何产生的，以及公民身份和移民身份是如何通过移民活动团体受到质疑和构建的。

The aims of this Fellowship is first to consolidate my research findings and make them publicly available through both academic and non-academic publications, and second to build on this research to develop a new research project in a European comparative context. This is important as my research addresses an under-researched area of migration studies and it affects a significant group of young people in the UK. The publications will address the following key contributions made by my thesis: 1) There have thus far only been few in-depth ethnographic studies of young "undocumented" migrants, especially in the UK (Bloch et al., 2014; Bloch and McKay, 2016; Sigona and Hughes, 2012). And as Bloch et al. argue '[T]he phenomenon of undocumented migration and undocumented migrants is not going to disappear, making it increasingly important to understand their heterogeneous experiences' (2014: 2). This research contributes an in-depth and nuanced understanding of how immigration status operates in the everyday life of young migrants in London. The circumstances of participants in this study are different to participants in previous studies, in that they have lived most of their lives in the UK, migrating here at a young age with their parents, instead of as young adults or more recently.2) Foregrounding immigration status within an intersectional approach, rather than starting with a state-defined immigration category, problematises these state categories and analyses how they, together with other positions, create a specific lived experience and marginalisation for young migrants. Based on this research, I argue that certain experiences in specific moments of young people's lives pertaining from the dominance of immigration status are surprisingly similar. This contributes to an understanding of how 'the state [...] is thinking about itself when it is thinking about immigration' (Sayad, 2004: 279), and how the state is producing vulnerability (Anderson, 2008). Furthermore, the analytical lens of immigration status challenges methodological nationalism and groupism that has dominated migration studies (Gidley, 2014; Nowicka and Ryan, 2015; Wimmer and Glick Schiller, 2002).3) This study demonstrates the importance of looking at time and temporality as an important factor in migration studies. Although Cwerner called to attention the neglected research area of time and migration in 2001, it remains largely neglected nearly two decades later (2001; Griffiths, 2014). My research shows time is of importance to the experience of migration in many ways, and merits further examination and theorisation. Something that I will develop in this Fellowship, as encouraged by my viva examiners.4) This research contributes to a body of work that engages a critical perspective on migration studies by drawing on the postcolonial framework of 'connected sociologies' (Bhambra, 2014), and critical race theory, to situate the study of contemporary migration in/to "the West" in its historical and global context. My argument is that "migration studies" continues to be situated in a "Western-centric" framing that avoids the legacies of empire present in the racial construction of the contemporary situation. Examining the current immigration system and its bordering mechanisms in the UK through a historical lens, allows us to understand connections between its establishment during colonialism and contemporary stratifications.5) I will build on my own research to explore these dynamics comparatively in three different European countries. This fellowship will allow me to carry out necessary desk research to establish the case studies for the comparative research and understand how precariousness is produced in different country contexts, and how citizenship and immigration status are contested and constructed through migrant activist groups.