Picking, packing and plucking: International Migration in the post Brexit world

这个奖学金有宏观和微观层面的维度。在宏观层面上，我将在英国在WTO（GATT和GATS），贸易与合作协定（TCA）以及未来贸易协定（如CPTPP）下的国际义务的更广泛背景下看待移民问题。这只是英国脱欧后复杂局面的一部分，其中涉及通过《2020年英国内部市场法》重塑英国内部关系，北方爱尔兰的独特地位，苏格兰独立公投法案的影响，以及立法，行政和法院之间关系的重新平衡，所有这些都需要法律的分析和投入。在微观层面上，我想探讨移民/工人保护的界限，这是关于一个长期被忽视的边缘社区。因此，这项建议着眼于劳动力迁移对英格兰东部的影响。欧盟移民主要在田间和食品加工厂工作-做三个P（“采摘，包装和采摘”）。他们的生活和工作条件很差，没有很好地融入当地社区。英国脱欧后，通过英国新的季节性工人试点计划，该地区来自乌克兰和哈萨克斯坦等非欧盟农场工人的数量也大幅增加。COVID-19凸显并加剧了现有的健康不平等，特别是那些面临不稳定的人，即在该地区农场和工厂工作的“关键工人”。与当地移民咨询慈善机构合作，我想绘制这些移民工人随着时间的推移的生活经历：他们在英国脱欧前抵达，他们在欧盟定居计划中的经历，以及他们在英国脱欧后的生活机会。我们将专门研究（作为案例研究领域）大雅茅斯的欧盟移民工人的情况，这是一个衰落的海滨小镇，在英国的休假投票率排名第五，是伦敦以外人均欧盟移民人数最多的城市，包括对黑人欧盟移民工人的影响。我还想跟踪当地社区对这些相对新来的人的反应，以及对政府升级议程所带来的城镇投资的反应。因此，该提案有助于不断发展的法律的地理领域：了解法律的影响，特别是欧盟法律和现在的退出协议的法律，对一个特定的弱势社区。我也对欧盟移民如何行使自己的权利感兴趣。这个项目将建立在我们最近的试点工作，我们称之为“务实的法律”（巴纳德等2022年），扩大从大雅茅斯整个英格兰东部地区的证据基础。“务实的法律”着眼于街道层面，务实的（法律的）问题解决方案由慈善咨询中心提供，在公认的咨询沙漠（如英格兰东部）和边缘化的移民社区，特别是妇女（我们的研究迄今显示，这些访问这种类型的免费咨询的性别现实）。具体来说，我希望研究早期建议在帮助人们解决可诉问题方面的作用，而无需与更正式的争议解决途径（如ADR（替代性争议解决）或法院途径）进行互动。我的工作还探讨了个人在多大程度上正在经历“问题集群”（Genn，1999），以及传统的法律的问题解决途径是如何不适合这种交叉和集群问题，如债务，就业，移民和住房问题。帮助个人以整体的方式解决集群问题是一种未被充分认识和分析的（法律的）问题解决方法。

This fellowship has a macro and a micro level dimension.At the macro-level I shall look at migration in the broader context of the UK's international obligations under the WTO (GATT and GATS), under the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), and in respect of future trade agreements such as CPTPP. This is just one part of the complex post Brexit landscape which has involved a reshaping of the UK's internal relationships via the UK Internal market Act 2020, the unique position of Northern Ireland, the implications of the Scottish Independence Referendum Bill, and a rebalancing of the relationships between the legislature, executive and the courts, all of which requires legal analysis and input.At the micro level I wish to examine the immigration/worker protection boundary, in respect of a marginalised community which has long been overlooked. This proposal therefore looks at the impact of labour migration on the East of England. EU migrants largely work in the fields and in food processing factories - doing the three Ps ('Picking, packing and plucking'). Their living and working conditions are poor and they are not well integrated into the local community. Post Brexit, the region has also seen a sharp increase in non-EU farm workers such as those from Ukraine and Kazakhstan, through the UK's new seasonal workers pilot scheme. COVID-19 has highlighted and intensified existing health inequalities, particularly experienced by those facing precarity, namely 'key workers' working in farms and factories in the region. Working with local migrant advice charities, I want to map the lived experience of these migrant workers over time: their arrival pre-Brexit, their experience with the EU Settlement Scheme, and their life chances post Brexit. We shall be looking (as a case study area) specifically at the situation of EU migrant workers in Great Yarmouth, a declining seaside town with the fifth highest leave vote in the UK and the highest number of EU migrants per capita outside London, including the impact on black EU migrant workers. I also want to track the reactions of the local community to these relative new arrivals and to the investment in the town as a result of the government's levelling up agenda. The proposal therefore contributes to the evolving field of legal geography: understanding the impact of law, especially EU law and now the law of the Withdrawal Agreement, on one particular disadvantaged neighbourhood.I am also interested in how EU migrants enforce their rights. This project will build on our recent pilot work on what we call 'pragmatic law' (Barnard et al 2022), expanding the evidence base from Great Yarmouth across the Eastern region of England. 'Pragmatic law' looks at street level, pragmatic (legal) problem resolution offered by charitable advice centres, operating in recognised advice deserts (such as the east of England) and working with marginalised migrant communities, especially women (our research to date shows the gendered reality of those accessing this type of free advice). Specifically, I wish to examine the role of early advice in helping people resolve their justiciable issues without needing to interact with more formal dispute resolution pathways such as ADR (alternative dispute resolution) or court pathways. My work also examines the extent to which individuals are experiencing 'problem clustering' (Genn, 1999) and how traditional legal problem resolution pathways are unsuitable for such intersectional and clustered issues such as debt, employment, immigration and housing problems. Helping individuals to address clustered issues in a holistic way is an under-recognised and under-analysed approach to (legal) problem resolution.