A novel programme: Agentive here-and-now interaction in persons with dementia

该研究的主要目的是为痴呆症患者开发一种集体讲故事的活动。这样做的理由可能是，痴呆症患者在回忆自己早年生活的片段和对当前事件做出反应时，他们的语言行为是截然不同的。在这些点上，由于更短的回合和共同的会话角色的支持，即时演讲似乎更流畅；代理，即语言指示，第一人称陈述句，以及其他道义性的意图表达是显而易见的。这个人看起来更有活力。相反，虽然NICE（2018）建议考虑群体回忆疗法，但随着说话者意识到过去快乐的时光和现在的情况之间可能存在的对比，一些证据表明一对一的回忆会产生负面影响。拟议中的活动将在两种情况之间取得平衡，在人们谈论自己的自然倾向和社会环境中更刺激的互动之间取得平衡。在每次会议之前和之后，无论是面对面还是在线，参与者都将通过CWS的改编完成对他们情绪健康的情境测量（Camic, 2020）。提供的刺激将是一个硬拷贝图像，每个人一个，从一个集合，构成一个故事板，也就是说，可以将图像放置在一个顺序，邀请一个叙述。可以订好几单。每个人都会被邀请描述他们的形象，任何让他们想起的音乐，以及任何相关的感官细节，如味觉、触觉和气味。在活动的下一部分，参与者被邀请对所有图像的顺序达成一致，可能是将它们放在桌面上，并共同构建一个有意义的故事。这个阶段包括谈判和即时讨论。之后，参与者将获得小组撰写的故事的硬拷贝和软拷贝。我们打算以现场和在线的方式进行活动，以适应参与者和条件。其目的是为痴呆症患者以及可能感到社会孤立的老年人提供愉快和创造性的社会互动机会，以建立最终产品。虽然有一个类似的商业活动叫做Timeslips，但它只提供单个图像，不像我们的故事板。它不邀请参与者说出音乐和其他与图像有关的感官联系，参与者最后也没有得到完整的故事。我们提出了与活动开发同时进行的其他四项举措，以进一步实现我们的主要目标：利益相关者持续参与活动的试验和开发；为有兴趣使用该活动的主持人定制培训课程；一个互动网站，以支援教导员；并成立一个社区利益公司，以确保活动、培训课程和网站能够自我维持。除了上面提到的幸福感测量报告外，更传统的研究成果将是对参与者在活动的两个部分中的演讲进行语言分析。据推测，第二部分，即群体互动部分的言语将更加流畅和代理。与其他以艺术为基础的活动一样，人们也期望相关的福祉改善。参考文献：camic， P.（2020）。坎特伯雷健康量表。https://zenodo.org/record/4063768 .YoZjQqjMKUlNICE。国家健康和护理卓越研究所（大不列颠）。(2018)。痴呆症：对痴呆症患者及其护理人员的评估、管理和支持。https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97

Project summaryThe principle aim of the research is to develop a group story-telling activity for people living with dementia. The justification for doing so may be found in the contrasting linguistic behaviour of people with dementia when they are reminiscing about episodes in their earlier life and when they are reacting to events in-the-moment. In-the-moment speech appears to be more fluent, supported by shorter turns and shared conversational roles at these points; and agentive, i.e. linguistic directives, first-person declaratives, and other deontic expressions of intent are evident. The person appears to be more animated. Conversely, whilst group reminiscence therapy is suggested for consideration by NICE (2018), some evidence of negative effects in one-to-one reminiscence has been reported, as the speaker becomes aware of the possible contrast between happier past times and their present situation. The proposed activity would achieve a balance between the two conditions, between the natural tendency of people to talk about themselves and the more stimulating interaction enabled in social contexts. Before and after each session, whether in-person or online, participants will complete a situational measurement of their emotional well-being via an adaptation of the CWS (Camic, 2020). The stimulus provided would be a hard-copy image, one per person, from a collection that makes up a storyboard, i.e. it is possible for the images to be placed in an order that invites a narrative. Several orders are possible. Each person would be invited to describe their image, any music it reminded them of, and any associated sensory details, such as tastes, touch, and scents. In the next part of the activity, the participants are invited to agree an order to all the images, perhaps by laying them out on a table top, and collectively building up a story that makes sense of them. This stage involves negotiation and in-the-moment discussion. Afterwards, participants would be given hard and soft copies of the group-authored story to keep. We intend the activity to be available in-person and online to suit participants and conditions. The aim is to provide people living with dementia and, by extension, older people who may feel socially isolated, with opportunities for enjoyable and creative social interaction that builds an end-product. Although one similar commercially available activity called Timeslips exists, it offers single images only, unlike our storyboards. It does not invite participants to name music and other sensory associations with the images, and the participants are not given the completed story at the end.We propose four other initiatives running alongside the development of the activity to further our key objective: ongoing stakeholder involvement in the trialling and development of the activity; a bespoke training course for facilitators interested in using the activity; an interactive website to support the facilitators; and the creation of a Community Interest Company to ensure the activity, training course, and website are self-sustaining.Along with a report of the well-being measurements referred to above, the more conventional research output will be a linguistic analysis of participants' speech in the two parts of the activity. It is hypothesised that speech in the second, group interaction part will be more fluent and agentive. In common with other arts-based activities, associated improvements in well-being are expected. ReferencesCamic, P. (2020). Canterbury Wellbeing Scales. https://zenodo.org/record/4063768#.YoZjQqjMKUlNICE. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Great Britain). (2018). Dementia: assessment, management and support for people living with dementia and their carers. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97