IDs for Rohingya: 'Pathways to Citizenship' or Instruments of Genocide?

我的研究借鉴了罗兴亚人的口述历史和缅甸种族灭绝和身份证计划的叙述，以批评国际上对无国籍状态和法律的身份的主流做法。在此奖学金，我将：发展这项研究，以进一步传播和出版物，包括一本书;建立国家和国际合作与研究人员工作的法律的身份和不稳定的公民身份在不同的情况下;并制定进一步的研究计划和有关使用ID技术和ID历史的阻力和国家犯罪的背景下的建议。减少和防止无国籍状态的办法往往从促进民事登记和提供国家颁发的身份证件开始。身份证和国家登记被理解为帮助人们随着时间的推移获得国籍的权利。2016年可持续发展目标（16.9）中的“人人享有法律的身份”目标增加了国际社会对身份证提供的关注。这些方法为缅甸的发展政策提供了信息。然而，罗兴亚人的叙述经常将缅甸使用身份证和登记描述为国家迫害和种族灭绝的组成部分。我的研究探索这些紧张局势，使用叙事方法。它利用罗兴亚人的口述历史和与他们的身份证有关的叙述，考虑了国家犯罪的罗兴亚幸存者如何破坏了无国籍状态及其解决方案的国际框架。与许多国家犯罪研究一样，这项研究强烈地植根于社会正义的概念。迄今为止，调查结果已被用于：在国际上倡导承认对罗兴亚人的大规模暴行是“种族灭绝”;教育缅甸和区域民间社会团体关于种族灭绝和种族灭绝预防;强调保护难民免受不安全，过早或强迫遣返的必要性;促进难民，非公民和边缘化群体更好地参与评估和阐明与身份证系统相关的风险。这个奖学金巩固了我的博士研究。它还强调和扩大了与身份查验进程有关的社会行动和积极性的潜力。

My research draws on Rohingya oral histories and narratives about Myanmar's genocide and ID schemes to critique the prevailing international approaches to statelessness and legal identities. During this fellowship, I will: develop this research towards further dissemination and publications including a book; build national and international collaborations with researchers working on legal identities and precarious citizenships in different contexts; and develop further research plans and a proposal relating to the use of ID technologies and ID histories in the context of resistance and state crime. Approaches to reducing and preventing statelessness often start with the promotion of civil registration and the provision of state issued identity documents. IDs and state registration are understood to assist people in accessing their right to nationality over time. The 'legal identities for all' target in the 2016 Sustainable Development Goals (16.9) increased the international focus on the provision of IDs. These approaches informed development policy in Myanmar. However, Rohingya narratives often described Myanmar's use of ID cards and registration as integral to the persecution and genocide committed by the state. My research explores these tensions, using narrative methods. Drawing on Rohingya oral histories and narratives relating to their ID cards, it considers how Rohingya survivors of state crime have disrupted international framings of statelessness and its solutions. As with much state crime research, this research is strongly grounded in notions of social justice. Findings have so far been used to: advocate internationally for the recognition of mass atrocities against the Rohingya as 'genocide'; educate Myanmar and regional civil society groups about genocide and genocide prevention; highlight the need for protection for refugees against unsafe, premature or forced repatriation; and promote better involvement of refugees, noncitizens and marginalised groups in assessing and articulating risks associated with ID systems. This fellowship consolidates my doctoral research. It also highlights and broadens the potential for social action and activism in relation to identification processes.