Refinement of animal studies on emesis by defining human biomarkers of nausea.

恶心是一种非常常见的人类体验，受到压力和痛苦事件的影响。尽管人们对恶心进行了很好的研究，但对于我们在经历恶心时，我们的大脑和身体发生了什么却知之甚少。这给医生带来了一个难题，因为不同的人有不同的恶心阈值，并且对用于治疗的相同药物的反应非常不同。因此，需要一个良好的人体模型来研究身体功能和与恶心有关的大脑区域，以帮助确定预测恶心的因素。我们的研究小组已经开创了研究恶心的方法，可以在大脑成像环境中使用，以发现大脑如何处理恶心。我们的研究旨在发现一个人的大脑中发生了什么？a？？a？？的身体和大脑的哪些区域在恶心时被激活，使用最新的技术和我们的研究团队专门设计的新方法。100名志愿者将观看一个特别设计的视频，可能会导致恶心和另一个不会？a？？a？？我们将观察他们的反应。要观察的措施包括他们的精神状态、荷尔蒙变化、自动控制内脏器官的神经的电活动和肠道的电活动。对20名主诉恶心的受试者和另外20名不恶心的受试者进行了研究。a？？a？？在第一次研究中没有抱怨恶心的人将重复研究以确认结果。用同样的方法，观察45名志愿者（15名高度，15名中度和15名无恶心症状）的大脑活动。所有人都将经历两种情况，一种是他们感到恶心，另一种是他们赢了。a？？a？？t.这项研究可能会为预测谁？？a？？a？？我们将用与研究1相同的方法，研究30名受试者的恶心治疗效果，然后研究15名受试者的大脑活动变化，观察大脑激活区域和身体对恶心的反应，这一模型可能会开发出确定恶心易感性的工具。此外，该模型可用于研究治疗药物，以发现哪些药物在哪些个体中更好地起作用。

Nausea, a very common human experience, is influenced by stressful and painful events. Even thoughnausea is well studied, little is known about what happens in our mind and body when we experiencenausea. This poses a dilemma to doctors as different individuals have different thresholds for nausea andrespond very differently to the same drugs used for treatment. Thus, a good human model is needed tostudy the bodily functions and areas of the brain involved in nausea to help identify factors predictingnausea. Our research group has pioneered methods to study nausea that can be used in the brain imaging environment to discover how the brain processes nausea.Our study aims to discover what happens in a person??a??a??s body and which areas of the brain areactivated in nausea using latest technology and new methods specially designed by our team of researchers.100 volunteers will watch a specially designed video that may cause nausea and another that doesn??a??a??t,and we will observe their response. Measures to be observed include their state of mind, hormonal changes,electrical activity of nerves automatically controlling internal organs and electrical activity of the gut. On 20subjects complaining of nausea and another 20 subjects who don??a??a??t complain of nausea in the first study willrepeat the study to confirm the results. Using the same method, 45 volunteers (15 highly, 15 moderate and15 not complaining of nausea) are observed for their brain activity. All will undergo two conditions, one inwhich they experience nausea and the other in which they won??a??a??t. The study might then shed some light onpredicting who??a??a??s prone to nausea.The human model developed will then be used to discover how established nausea treatment act in 30subjects using the same methods as study 1, following that 15 subjects who complain less of nausea withthe treatment will be investigated for the change in their brain activity.The model for observing the areas of the brain activated and how the body responds to nausea maydevelop tools to determine nausea susceptibility. Furthermore, this model may be used for studying nauseatreatment drugs to discover which drugs work better in which individuals.