GENETICS OF REPRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY IN DROSOPHILA

适应度是一个复杂的参数，它由许多因素决定 一种基因的生活史。衡量基因适合度的一种方法 将利用费舍尔的马尔萨斯参数m，它被定义为 方程的实根，其中1(X)是一个基因的存活率 对于年龄x，f(X)是在年龄x时的繁殖力，t是 开始产生后代，T是基因终止的年龄 繁殖。在果蝇中，T在确定m-So方面只起到很小的作用 1(X)、f(X)和t可被认为是 人生史。 以黑腹果蝇为实验材料，介绍了 这项研究试图检查这些组件之间的关系 对不同来源的各种自交系以及野生的适应性 来自自然种群的菌株。它还试图举例说明 环境条件(温度)对各组分的影响 健身。调查将在不同的温度下进行 不仅是上述菌株的条件，而且是 人工合成的奶瓶种群。

Fitness is a complex parameter which is determined by many factors in the life-history of a genotype. One way to measure the fitness of a genotype will be to make use of Fisher's Malthusian parameter m, which is defined as a real root of the equation, where 1(x) is the survival rate of a genotype to age x, f(x) is the fecundity at age x, t is the age when the genotype starts to produce progeny and T is the age when the genotype terminates reproduction. In Drosophila, T contributes only little in determining m so that 1(x), f(x) and t may be considered as 3 major factors in the life-history. Using Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental material, the present study attempts to examine the relationships among these components of fitness for various inbred lines of various origins as well as for wild strains from natural populations. It is also attempted to example the effects of environmental conditions (temperature) upon each component of fitness. Investigations will be conducted at different temperature conditions for not only those strains mentioned above but also the artificially synthesized milk-bottle populations.