CEREBRAL CORTICAL MECHANISMS FOR EYE MOVEMENTS AND VISUAL ATTENTION

大脑皮层的额叶眼场包含三个不同的 视觉引导的眼跳前活跃的神经元群： 视觉神经元只对光有反应，运动神经元以前活跃 目的性眼跳和视觉运动神经元，它们同时具有视觉和 运动活动。因为已知前部眼场投射到 上丘的解剖学方法、逆行电信号 上丘刺激对大鼠的行为和 前额神经元的生理特征，看看是否有任何类型的细胞 优先投射的在逆行激活的神经元中，有两个 三分之一是运动或视觉运动，具有很强的运动 活动。只有不到2%的人是纯视觉的。三分之一的神经元 在主动固定期间被释放或被该信号激发以使 眼跳，但没有特定的运动场。 额眼区域占据了经典定义的两个区域的一部分 细胞构造区，8a和45。生理学鉴定的研究 额叶视野的边界和细胞大小的定量测量 发现了一个新的细胞构筑区域，其特点是在 第V层。此区域与生理上已识别的 额眼视野和桥梁之间的8a区和45区的边界。 可以训练猴子将眼跳的增益调整在几百次以内 审判。当一只猴子被训练成适应的跳跃动作时 在一定的维度上，刺激上丘会导致 一代未适应的，而不是适应的接班人。

The frontal eye fields of the cerebral cortex contain three different populations of neurons which are active before visually guided saccades: visual neurons responsive only to light, movement neurons active before purposive saccades, and visuomovement neurons which have both visual and movement activity. Since the frontal eye fields are known to project to the superior colliculus by anatomical methods, antidromic electrical stimulation from the superior colliculus was performed on behaviorally and physiologically characterized frontal neurons to see if any cell types projected preferentially. Of the antidromically activated neurons, two thirds were movement or visuomovement with very strong movement activities. Fewer than 2% were purely visual. One third of the neurons discharged during active fixation or were excited by the signal to make a saccade, but had no specific movement field. The frontal eye fields occupy parts of two classically defined cytoarchitectonic areas, 8a and 45. Physiological identification of the borders of the frontal eye fields and quantitative measurement of cell size revealed a new cytoarchitectonic region whose hallmark is large neurons in Layer V. This region is coterminous with the physiologically identified frontal eye fields and bridges the border between areas 8a and 45. Monkeys can be trained to adjust the gain of saccades within a few hundred trials. When a monkey has been trained to make an adapted saccade of a certain dimension, stimulation of the superior colliculus results in the generation of an unadapted rather than an adapted succade.