The MRC Addiction Research Clinical Training programme: MARC

对酒精、烟草和毒品的上瘾对英国和国际社会产生了相当大的经济和社会影响。此外，人们对赌博的担忧与日俱增，赌博现在被归类为一种行为成瘾。尽管人们意识到了相关危害的严重性，但与其他身心健康疾病相比，解决这些问题的证据数量可能有限。在过去的30年里，学术精神病学一直处于成瘾研究发展的前沿，英国为国际证据基础做出了关键贡献，并为NHS服务发展和国家成瘾政策做出了贡献。然而，目前在英国，只有7名具有临床精神病学或临床心理学背景的成瘾教授，他们都将在未来十年内退休或接近退休。大多数精神病学家和心理学家在培训期间没有在成瘾服务机构工作的任何经验，如果他们有，那也是在接近尾声的时候。因此，在临床学术成瘾方面的职业机会很少出现，结果是几乎没有现有的潜在候选人成为未来英国成瘾临床研究的领导者。因此，有必要启动临床成瘾研究，以便维持临床神经科学这一重要领域的能力。为了满足这种需求，MRC成瘾研究临床培训(MARC)计划通过汇集三所顶尖大学的临床成瘾研究专业知识而开发出来，这三所大学分别是伦敦帝国理工学院(IC)、伦敦国王学院(KCL)和布里斯托尔大学(UOB)。这三位国际知名的精神健康和成瘾研究人员及其所在的大学可以提供广泛的技术专业知识，包括神经科学、遗传学、流行病学和临床研究，以及出色的研究生教育和培训。MARC的计划将吸引和指导杰出的临床实习生在他们职业生涯的早期就上瘾，支持杰出的个人进行博士学位的研究培训，并支持拥有博士学位的个人以独立的资金建立他们的职业生涯，以便在临床神经科学的关键领域--成瘾--建设和维持能力。MARC方案的研究无疑将增进对成瘾的性质及其对公共健康的影响的了解，以及通过制定更有效的成瘾预防、治疗和公共政策方法来减少危害的方法。

Addiction to alcohol, tobacco and drugs have a considerable economic and social impact on society in the UK and internationally. In addition concerns are growing about gambling, now classified as a behavioural addiction. Despite awareness of the magnitude of associated harms, the amount of evidence to address them can be limited compared to other physical and mental health disorders. Academic psychiatry has been at the forefront of the development of addiction research in the last 30 years and the UK has made key contributions to the international evidence base as well as contributing to NHS service development and national policy on addictions. Currently however in the UK there are only 7 professors in addictions with a background in clinical psychiatry or clinical psychology and all will have retired or be near retirement within the next decade. The majority of psychiatrists and psychologists do not get any experience working in an addiction service during their training or if they do, it is towards the end. Therefore opportunities of a career in clinical academic addiction are rarely presented with the result that there are very few existing potential candidates to become the future UK clinical research leaders in addiction. Consequently, there is a need to kick start clinical addiction research in order both to sustain capacity in this vital area of clinical neuroscience. To meet such a need, the MRC Addiction Research Clinical Training (MARC) programme has been developed by bringing together the clinical addiction research expertise in three leading Universities, Imperial College London (IC), King's College London (KCL) and University of Bristol (UoB)). These three internationally renowned mental health and addiction researchers and their Universities can provide expertise in a broad range of techniques including neurosciences, genetics, epidemiology and clinical research as well excellent post-graduate education and training. MARC's initiatives will attract and mentor outstanding clinical trainees to addiction early in their career, support outstanding individuals to undertake research training for a PhD and support individuals with a PhD to establish their career with independent funding in order to build and sustain capacity in this vital area of clinical neuroscience, addiction. Research from the MARC programme will undoubtedly improve understanding of the nature of addiction, its impacts on public health, and methods to reduce the harm through development of more effective prevention, treatment and public policy approaches in addiction.