CARBOHYDRATE CRAVING--BEHAVIOR/PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL FEATURES

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：肥胖是一种严重的健康问题， 这个问题在今天的美国已经达到了流行病的程度。肥胖女性 死亡的风险比瘦的同类高60- 120%， 即使轻微超重也会增加发病和死亡的风险。许多 超重的人把他们的体重管理问题归因于一种不可抗拒的 当感到烦躁不安时，强烈要求食用高碳水化合物（CHO）零食。这些 所谓“碳水化合物（CHO）“渴望者”报告进食后情绪升高 富含CHO的食物CHO渴望在2010年获得了计划性研究的关注， 20世纪80年代，但方法和概念上的困难导致研究 现象消散。目前，关于是否存在分歧， 甚至还存在对CHO的渴求现象。尽管如此， 一直被肥胖研究者广泛使用， 公众的认可。事实上，CHO渴望结构还没有 进行系统验证。研究1将确定 CHO偏好可以客观地证明， 声称，自我管理CHO消除消极情绪。六十至 中度超重的女性报告过度消费高CHO 将在物质自我给药范例中测试零食。目的是 以观察它们是否在被诱导进入一种 烦躁的情绪，在新口味和卡路里匹配之间做出选择 饮料，并对其营养成分的信息不知情。这 这项研究还将测试CHO摄入量是否能改善情绪和认知能力。 自我宣称的CHO渴望的表现，以及是否有更大的好处 当CHO被选择和自我管理时，而不是 实验者管理。研究2将比较CHO渴望和体重匹配 控制它们对CHO饮料的胰岛素、色氨酸和瘦素反应， 以及II型糖尿病家族史。结果将表明 CHO渴望是否显示糖尿病的家庭患病率增加， 胰岛素抵抗的证据和预期的胰岛素抵抗的增加 色氨酸比率和CHO摄入后的瘦素浓度。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from investigator's abstract): Obesity is a serious health problem that has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. today. Obese women have 60-120 percent greater risk of death than their leaner counterparts and even mild overweight heightens the risk of morbidity and mortality. Many overweight people attribute their weight management problems to an irresistible urge to consume high-carbohydrate (CHO) snacks when feeling dysphoric. These so-called "carbohydrate (CHO) "cravers" report mood elevation after eating foods rich in CHO. CHO craving garnered programmatic research attention in the 1980s, but methodological and conceptual difficulties led research on the phenomenon to dissipate. Currently, there is disagreement about whether the phenomenon of CHO craving even exists. Despite this, the CHO-craving concept continues to be widely used by obesity researchers and receives tremendous endorsement by the lay public. In reality, the CHO craving construct has yet to be systematically validated. Study 1 will determine whether the phenomenon of CHO preference can be objectively demonstrated and whether, as CHO-cravers claim, self-administering CHO dispels negative moods. Sixty mildly to moderately overweight females who report excessive consumption of high-CHO snacks will be tested in a substance self-administration paradigm. The aim is to see whether they systematically prefer CHO to protein when induced into a dysphoric mood, given a choice between novel taste and calorie-matched beverages, and blinded to information about their nutrient composition. This study will also test whether CHO intake improves the mood and cognitive performance of self-professed CHO cravers, and whether benefits are greater when CHO are chosen and self-administered, rather than experimenter-administered. Study 2 will compare CHO cravers and weight-matched controls on their insulin, tryptophan and leptin responses to the CHO beverage, as well as their familial history of Type II diabetes. Results will indicate whether CHO cravers show an increased family prevalence of diabetes and display evidence of insulin resistance and blunting of the expected rise in the tryptophan ratio and leptin concentration after CHO intake.