International Research Programme on Psychoses In Diverse Settings (INTREPID II)

这个节目讲的是什么？精神障碍通常是令人痛苦的状况，其中人们经历诸如幻觉（看到或听到不存在的东西）和错误的想法或信念（妄想）等症状。这些疾病通常开始在年轻的时候（在20多岁），并经常（但不总是）导致长期的痛苦和折磨。然而，我们对这些疾病的了解主要是基于欧洲，北美和澳大利亚的研究。我们对其他地方的这些疾病了解不多，特别是在发展中国家。这是一个问题，因为这意味着我们不知道如何最好地治疗发展中国家的精神障碍患者。因此，这个项目是为了在其他地方找到更多关于精神障碍的信息。我们想知道的是：精神障碍是一样的吗？也就是说，在发展中国家，它们是否同样频繁，症状是否相同，结果是否相同，影响和需求是否相同？我们该怎么办？我们将在印度、尼日利亚和特立尼达三个国家的地区（地点）开展精神障碍研究。我们选择这些地方是因为它们彼此非常不同。使用相同的方法，在每个研究中心，我们将确定240名患有以前未接受过治疗的精神病性障碍的个体和240名没有精神病性障碍的个体。我们将在识别他们时和2年后收集他们的信息。我们收集的信息将包括：症状及其最初发展方式、可能的原因（风险因素）、社会环境和残疾、症状随时间的变化、对个人和家庭的影响以及任何身体健康问题。我们将利用这些信息比较不同地点的精神障碍。我们将比较这些疾病的发生频率和典型症状; 2年内的结果;寻求的帮助以及随着时间的推移对个人和家庭的影响;以及身体健康问题的发生。该计划将告诉我们更多关于不同国家之间精神障碍的差异以及如何更有效地进行干预。由于我们目前对这些问题的信息非常少，我们的计划有望产生巨大的影响，无论是对我们对精神障碍的理解，还是对如何在更多样化的环境中进行干预。

What is the programme about?Psychotic disorders are frequently distressing conditions in which people experience symptoms such as hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there) and false thoughts or beliefs (delusions). These disorders usually begin at a young age (in the 20s) and often (but not always) lead to long term distress and suffering.Around 20 million people world wide experience a psychotic disorder. However, what we know about these disorders is based on research done mainly in Europe, North America, and Australia. We do not know much about these disorders in other places, especially in developing countries. This is a problem because it means we do not know how best to treat those with a psychotic disorder in developing countries.This programme, then, is about finding out more about psychotic disorders in other places. What we want to know is: are psychotic disorders the same? That is, are they as frequent, are the symptoms the same, is the outcome the same, and are the effects and needs the same in developing countries?What will we do?We will carry out research on psychotic disorders in areas (sites) in three countries: India, Nigeria, and Trinidad. We have chosen these places because they are very different from each other. Using the same methods, in each site, we will identify 240 individuals with a psychotic disorder that has not been previously treated and 240 individuals without a psychotic disorder. We will collect information from them at the point we identify them and 2 years later. This is so that we can look at what happens, at outcomes, over time.The information we gather will be about: symptoms and how they initially developed, possible causes (risk factors), social circumstances and disability, symptoms over time, the impact on individuals and families, and about any physical health problems.We will use this information to compare psychotic disorders between the sites. We will compare how frequent they are and the typical symptoms; outcomes over 2 years; what help is sought and the impact on individuals and families over time; and the occurrence of physical health problems.What will the programme tell us?This programme will tell us more about how psychotic disorders differ between different countries and about how to intervene more effectively. Because we have so little information at the moment about these questions, our programme promises to have a big impact, both on our understanding of psychotic disorders and on how to intervene in more diverse settings.