Collaborative Research: Coordination, Data Management and Enhancement of the International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP), and US Interagency Arctic Buoy Programme (USIABP)

预测全球天气以及对北极防务和海上行动至关重要的海冰状况的能力，需要对地表气象和冰/洋流进行观测。美国机构间北极浮标计划（USIABP）和国际北极浮标计划（IABP）维持着整个北冰洋的基本北极观测网络。极地科学中心（PSC）和华盛顿大学应用物理实验室（APL）为IABP提供的观测和数据集促进了对北冰洋变化影响的区域和全球影响的科学理解。通过各种各样的外展努力，pi将在媒体采访中传播他们的科学发现，并参加在西雅图太平洋科学中心举行的年度极地科学周末和气候好奇日。该项目还为科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）项目提供了机会，这些项目与高中生一起学习、设计和发射浮标，并支持美国海军学院的学生浮标工程项目。研究人员开发了一种低成本的开源北极浮标来收集更多的数据，并参与了一系列数据可视化艺术项目，通过在加拿大、挪威和美国的展览场所，包括在华盛顿特区的国家科学院，让公众与北极联系起来。USIABP将在夏季在北极越来越多的开放水域部署浮标，并在阿拉斯加的乌特基亚维克建立了一个半永久性的试验场。以评估IABP目前用于观测北冰洋的仪器的质量。该项目旨在维持一个浮标网络，其间距小于250公里，或200多个浮标分布在整个北冰洋，部署后勤包括：1)飞机在春季降落在海冰上；2)破冰船在机会出现时为IABP部署浮标；还有飞机在海冰上投放浮标。这些观测资料被吸收到用于天气时间尺度预报天气的数值天气预报模式中，并被吸收到用于气候研究的许多长期大气再分析中。总的来说，IABP的观测结果对以下方面至关重要：1)监测北极和全球气候变化；2)全球天气和气候模式的强迫、同化和验证；3)验证卫星估算的海冰运动、表面温度和海冰厚度。此外，IABP观测结果通过IABP服务器、世界气象组织和政府间海洋学委员会（WMO/IOC）全球电信系统（GTS）共享，并存储在包括NSF北极数据中心在内的可公开访问的档案中。这些观测为北极提供了最长的连续记录，并已成为北极观测网环境预报和气候与气候变化研究的基石之一。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The ability to predict weather across the globe, and sea ice conditions critical for defense and maritime operations in the Arctic, requires observations of surface meteorology and ice/ocean currents. The US Interagency Arctic Buoy Program (USIABP) and International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP) maintain this fundamental Arctic Observing Network across the expanse of the Arctic Ocean. Observations and data sets produced by Polar Science Center (PSC) and University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) for the IABP have led to advancing scientific understanding of regional and global impacts influenced by changes in the Arctic Ocean. Through diverse outreach efforts, the PIs will disseminate their scientific findings in media interviews and participate in the annual Polar Science Weekend and Climate Curiosity Days at Seattle's Pacific Science Center. This project also provides opportunities to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) based programs that work with high school students to learn about, design and launch buoys, and support US Naval Academy student buoy engineering projects. The researchers have developed a low-cost open source Arctic buoy to gather more data, and are involved in producing a range of data visualization art projects to engage the public with the Arctic through exhibition venues in Canada, Norway, and the US including at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington D.C.The USIABP will deploy buoys in the increasing areas of open water in the Arctic during summer and has established a semi-permanent test site in Utqiagvik, Alaska, to assess the quality of the instruments now used by the IABP to observe the Arctic Ocean. This project intends to maintain a network of buoys with a spacing of less than 250 km, or more than 200 buoys spread across the Arctic Ocean, and with deployment logistics that include: 1) aircraft landing on the sea ice in the spring; 2) icebreakers deploying buoys for the IABP as opportunities arise; and 3) aircraft dropping buoys onto the sea ice. These observations are assimilated into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models that are used to forecast weather on synoptic time scales, and into the many long-term atmospheric reanalyses that are used for climate studies. Overall, the observations from the IABP are essential for: 1) monitoring Arctic and global climate change; 2) forcing, assimilation, and validation of global weather and climate models; and 3) validation of satellite derived estimates of sea ice motion, surface temperature, and sea ice thickness. Further, IABP Observations are shared through the IABP server, the World Meteorological Organization and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (WMO/IOC) Global Telecommunications System (GTS), and stored in publicly accessible archives including the NSF Arctic Data Center. These observations provide the longest continuing record for the Arctic and have been one of the cornerstones of the Arctic Observing Network for environmental forecasting and studies of climate and climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.