PERCEPTUAL CORRELATES OF REAR-END COLLISIONS AND AGE

每年在美国，发生追尾事故150多万起，受伤50多万人。为了确定与这些事故相关的视觉和感知功能，我们开发了一个便携式的隐现测试，并增加了更真实的测试相同的结构。电池组中的这些任务需要检测、判断和手动控制（a）深度运动、（B）深度横向运动、（c）自运动和（d）光信号。在第一阶段，通过从单一任务到复杂驾驶模拟的保真度分级进展，我们能够证明：（a）识别驾驶任务这方面涉及的关键性能元素，（B）识别受年龄和性别影响最大的任务元素，以及（c）选择那些通过训练最有希望进行修改的感知运动任务是可行的。我们发现，年龄的影响表现出负相关的隐现性能和更现实的再现隐现的任务，包括桌面驾驶模拟器。除了用于科学研究的潜力之外，所提出的设备还可用于驾驶员测试、许可证，以及可能的康复训练，并且它可能有助于融合和扩展先前在视觉科学和衰老方面不相关的发现。拟定商业应用：我们相信，我们的实验室迫在眉睫的测试和电池老化更现实的任务将在那些对驾驶研究、驾驶员测试和驾驶员培训相关的老年人表现感兴趣的人中找到广阔的市场。特别是，我们希望该设备能够补充现有的驾驶员评估和培训设备。还有其他应用领域：老年驾驶员的信息和教育;培训（如果织机是可训练的）或织机依赖任务的替代驾驶策略;某些职业的选择（如果织机不可训练）。

Every year in the U.S., more than 1.5 million rear-end car accidents occur, injuring over 500,000 people. In order to identify the visual and perceptual functions related to these accidents, we developed a portable test of looming and added more realistic tests of the same construct. These tasks in the battery require the detection, judgment, and manual control of (a) motion in depth, (b) transverse movement in depth, (c) self-motion, and (d) light signals. In Phase I through a graded progression in fidelity from single tasks to a complex driving simulation, we were able to demonstrate that it is feasible to (a) identify the critical performance elements involved in this aspect of the driving task, (b) identify those task elements that are most affected by age and gender, and (c) select those perceptual-motor tasks that appear most promising for modification through training. We found that age effects showed negative correlations between looming performance and more realistic renditions of a looming task including a desk-top driving simulator. in addition to the potential for scientific investigations, the proposed apparatus has application for driver testing, licensing, and perhaps, rehabilitative training, and it may help to converge and extend previously unrelated findings in visual science and aging. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: We believe that our laboratory looming test and the battery old more realistic tasks will find a wide market among those interested in the performance of the elderly related to driving research, driver testing, and driver training. In particular, we expect the device to complement existing driver assessment and training devices. There are other areas of application: information and education of elderly drivers; training (if loom is trainable) or alternate driving strategies for loom dependent tasks; selection for certain occupations (if loom is not trainable).