EXPECTANCY VIOLATIONS: A SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE APPROACH

拟议的项目将应用认知神经科学中开发的技术来检查涉及处理期望（例如，特征和刻板印象）和个人感知中期望违反的大脑活动。一些理论模型假设，与期望一致的信息相比，违反期望的信息接受不同或更精细的认知处理。其他模型提出，对社会信息的处理取决于其情感基调或效价。最后，研究表明，酒精中毒会导致工作记忆障碍，这可能会在处理违反既定背景（如社会期望）的信息时产生更大的冲突。与信息处理相关的神经生理活动的测量，如事件相关脑电位（ERPs）和事件相关光信号（EROS），有可能提供关于人的信息处理方式的新视角，以及可能显著影响这种处理的变量。在本研究中，erp和EROS将被用于确定1)与期望违反和行为效价相关的信息处理操作的时间过程和参与程度，2)基于特质和基于刻板印象的期望信息处理的潜在差异，3)酒精中毒对期望违反处理的潜在影响，以及4)涉及期望相关信息处理的皮质区域。

The proposed project will apply techniques developed in cognitive neuroscience to examine brain activities involved in the processing of expectancies (e.g., traits and stereotypes) and expectancy violations in person perception. Several theoretical models posit that expectancy- violating information receives different or more elaborative cognitive processing than expectancy-consistent information. Other models propose that processing of social information differs depending on its affective tone, or valence. Finally, research suggests that alcohol intoxication leads to working memory impairments that may create greater conflict in the processing of information that violates an established context, such as a social expectancy. Measures of neurophysiological activity associated with information processing, such as event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and event-related optical signal (EROS), have the potential to provide new perspectives on the manner in which information about people is processed, as well as the variables that may significantly influence this processing. In the proposed research, ERPs and EROS will be used to specify 1) the time course and the level of engagement of information processing operations related to expectancy violations and the valence of behavior, 2) potential differences in the processing of trait-based versus stereotype-based expectancy information, 3) potential effects of alcohol intoxication on the processing of expectancy violations, and 4) the cortical area(s) involved the processing of expectancy-relevant information.