Early adulthood education/employment transitions and the development of inequalities in diet quality and cardiovascular health

心血管疾病是英国26%的死亡原因，估计每年给英国经济造成190亿英镑的损失。不良饮食是导致心血管疾病的关键因素之一。为了帮助人们发展健康的饮食和预防心血管疾病，我们需要更多地了解饮食模式是如何随着时间的推移而发展的，它们是如何受到生活方式变化的影响的，以及这些影响在不同人群之间有何不同。成年早期(16-24岁)是一个生活方式发生变化的时期，人们从学校和家庭环境转向高等教育和/或就业，并开始独立生活。这是支持个人养成健康习惯的重要时刻，这些习惯将持续到成年。在这项研究中，我将讨论成年早期发生的变化如何导致成年后不同人群在饮食和心血管健康方面的差异。在我的研究中，我将研究：1.成年早期教育和就业参与的变化模式与成人饮食和心血管健康有何关系？2.成年早期的教育/就业转变与饮食和饮食行为的变化有何关联？3.在成年早期教育/就业转变期间，影响饮食和饮食行为变化的因素是什么？我将利用现有的最好的数据集来研究这些问题，这些问题在英国(1970年英国队列研究和雅芳亲子纵向研究)和国际上(西澳大利亚怀孕队列研究(Raine)研究和Eat项目(美国))，还将收集我自己的数据，以检查英国人离开学校后饮食的变化。这项研究建立在我之前在这一领域的工作基础上，包括文献综述，挪威数据集中对生命转变期间饮食变化的分析，以及英国国家饮食和营养调查中对饮食质量和心血管健康的横断面分析。这项研究将在剑桥MRC流行病学单位内的饮食和活动研究中心(Cedar)进行，该中心专门针对影响饮食和体力活动相关行为的因素进行研究。我将与我所在研究所的专家以及在心血管健康、营养、饮食行为以及数据收集和分析方法方面的专业知识的外部合作者合作。这项研究将有助于更好地理解与成年早期饮食和饮食行为变化有关的因素，以及这些变化在不同人群之间的差异。这项研究的发现将帮助学者和政策制定者了解帮助人们改善这一年龄段的饮食并减少心血管疾病的最有效方法。

Cardiovascular disease is responsible for 26% of all deaths in the UK and estimated to cost the UK economy £19 billion each year. Poor diet is one of the key contributors to cardiovascular disease. In order to help people develop healthy diets and prevent cardiovascular disease we need to know more about how patterns of diet develop over time, how they are influenced by lifestyle changes, and how these influences differ between different population groups. Early adulthood (ages 16-24) is a time when many lifestyle changes are seen, as individuals move from school and family environments, to higher education and/or employment and begin to live independently. This is an important time to support individuals to develop healthy habits which will then persist into adulthood. In this research I will address the question of how the changes that take place in early adulthood contribute to the differences seen in diet and cardiovascular health between different groups of the population in adulthood. In my research I will study:1. How are patterns of changes in education and employment participation over early adulthood related to adult diet and cardiovascular health?2. How are the education/employment transitions of early adulthood associated with changes in diet and eating behaviours?3. What are factors that influence changes in diet and eating behaviours across early adulthood education/employment transitions?I will make use of the best existing datasets available to study these questions in the UK (The 1970 British Cohort Study and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) and internationally (Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study and the ProjectEAT cohort (US)), and will also collect my own data to examine changes in diet as individuals leave school in the UK. The study builds on my previous work in this area, including literature review, analysis of changes in diet across life transitions in a Norwegian dataset, and cross-sectional analysis of diet quality and cardiovascular health in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. The research will be carried out at the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), within the MRC Epidemiology Unit in Cambridge, which conducts research specifically focusing on the factors that influence dietary and physical activity related behaviours. I will collaborate with experts working in my host institute as well as external collaborators with expertise in cardiovascular health, nutrition, eating behaviours and specialist knowledge of data collection and analysis methods. This research will lead to a better understanding of the factors that are linked to changes in diet and eating behaviours during early adulthood, and how these changes differ between different groups of the population. The findings from this research will help academics and policymakers to understand the most effective way to help people to improve their diet over this age range and reduce cardiovascular disease.