CHILD HEALTH SUPPLEMENT TO THE 1988 NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY

NICHD赞助并协调了1988年的调查， 基于人口的儿童健康数据。 一个主要的合作 努力分析儿童伤害的危险因素，以支持有效的 由于受伤是儿童死亡的主要原因， 这是第一项研究表明， 非致命性伤害原因与致命性原因有很大不同， 风险因素因年龄和社会经济因素而有相当大的差异 特色 学龄前儿童伤害的儿童分析 护理模式显示，使用非监护人护理不会增加风险 除了贫穷的、受教育程度低的母亲的最小的孩子， 各种类型的多个非全日制护理场所（基于中心的护理， 自己的家或别人的家）。 增加基于中心的工时 护理似乎降低了儿童的总体和严重伤害风险 4-5岁。 同样，酗酒妇女的大一点的孩子， 或者父母双方都是酗酒者， 风险 另一项风险因素分析显示，运动和娱乐 占所有医疗护理伤害的36%。 对获得医疗保健的影响的分析表明， 没有医疗保险（医疗保险或医疗补助）的30至 40%的人接受医疗照顾的可能性降低，无论是总的还是服务 与有医疗保险的儿童相比。 最新 研究表明，单身成年人家庭的儿童在 无论其他因素，如贫困或种族，风险增加。 其他项目的重点是影响经常性耳炎风险的因素。 感染、耳聋或听力障碍及相关疾病。 影响 母亲吸烟对耳部感染和呼吸道疾病的影响 增加风险。

NICHD sponsored and coordinated the 1988 survey to provide population-based data on children's health. One major collaborative effort analyzed childhood injury risk factors to support effective targeting of interventions since injury is the leading cause of death for children in the U.S. This is the first study to demonstrate that non-fatal injury causes differed considerably from fatal causes, with considerable variation of risk factors by age and socioeconomic characteristics. Analysis of injuries in preschool children by child care patterns showed that use of non-guardian care did not increase risks except for the youngest children of poor, low education mothers who use multiple part-time places of care of all types (center-based, care in their own home or homes of others). Increasing hours in center-based care seemed to lower both total and serious injury risks for children ages 4-5 years. Also, older children of women who are problem drinkers, or of two parents who are both problem drinkers, are at higher injury risk. Another risk factor analysis showed that sports and recreation account for 36% of all medically attended injuries from all causes. Analysis of effects of access to medical care showed that children without medical care coverage (health insurance or Medicaid) were 30 to 40% less likely to receive medical attention for either total or services injuries compared to children with medical care coverage. The latest studies have shown that children in single adult households are at increased risk regardless of other factors such as poverty or race. Other projects are focused on factors affecting risks of frequent ear infections, deafness or trouble hearing and related conditions. Effects of maternal smoking on ear infections and respiratory conditions show increased risks.