BIRTH CERTIFICATE LINKAGE TO GROWTH & HEALTH MEASURES USING NHANESIII

第三次国民健康与营养状况调查(NHANESIII) 收集描述性数据、物理测量和生物医学样本 (血液和尿液)在具有代表性的美国两岁儿童样本上 几个月到六年，对黑人和墨西哥人进行过多抽样 美国人。测量了血清可替宁水平，并提供了 获得产前吸烟的产妇。NICHD支持获得分娩 来自美国的证书，将NHANESIII的大量数据链接到 孩子的出生证明要使用产前和出生信息。 该链接的结果正被用于关于 以下：1)确定低出生体重或早产儿是否有 通过生物医学标记物测量的随后的不良健康状况 具有代表性的全国六岁以下儿童样本；2)评估 族裔/种族和社会经济因素对这些结果的影响； 3)为美国制定标准增长和其他生物医学量表。 有代表性的人口，黑人和墨西哥裔美国儿童， 根据出生时的风险概况；以及4)进行比较 关于出生时儿童风险因素的母亲报告和代理报告之间的差异 以及用于其他研究的实际测量。 第一个发现包括以下几点：1)出生的显著影响 在宝洁0.001的头六年里，对增长的压力一直持续。 低出生体重(LBW)儿童的相对缺陷和过度 对于高出生体重(HBW)，线性测量的孩子更大 (长度和身高)以及肌肉发达和瘦体重的衡量标准 皮下脂肪的测量。长度/身高、上臂和大腿 肌肉面积，LBW儿童低于平均值0.5标准差 适用于6岁以下体重正常(NBW)的儿童。HBW儿童为0.4 高于平均值的标准差。2)接触环境烟草 烟雾(ETS)约占年呼吸道发病率的40%-60%。 2个月至5岁的儿童。暴露于ETS会增加患病率 2个月至2岁儿童的慢性支气管炎和喘息以及哮喘 所有年龄段的人。对于家庭暴露，可以看到一致的效果。 一天只抽20多支烟。

The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESIII) collected descriptive data, physical measures, and biomedical samples (blood and urine) on a representative U.S. sample of children at ages two months through six years with over sampling for Blacks and Mexican Americans. Serum cotinine levels were measured and information on prenatal maternal smoking obtained. NICHD supported acquisition of birth certificates from the States to link the extensive data from NHANESIII to the child's birth certificate to use the prenatal and birth information. Results of the linkage are being used in research efforts on the following: 1) to determine if low birth weight or premature children have subsequent poor health as measured by biomedical markers in a representative national sample of children through age six; 2) to assess the effects of ethnic/racial and socioeconomic factors on these outcomes; 3) to develop normative growth and other biomedical scales for a U.S. representative population, and Black and Mexican-American children, according to a risk profile at birth; and 4) to develop comparisons between maternal and proxy reports of children's risk factors at birth and actual measurements for use in other studies. The first findings include the following: 1) Significant effects of birth weight on growth persist through the first six years of age at p<0.001. The relative deficits for low birth weight (LBW) children and excesses for high birth weight (HBW) children are larger for linear measures (length and height) and measures of muscularity and lean body mass than measures of subcutaneous fatness. For length/height, upper arm and thigh muscle areas, LBW children were 0.5 standard deviations below the mean for normal (NBW) weight children through age six. HBW children were 0.4 standard deviations above the mean. 2) Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) accounts for approximately 40-60% of respiratory morbidity in children ages 2 months to 5 years. ETS exposure increased the prevalence chronic bronchitis and wheezing among 2 months to 2 year olds and asthma across all ages. For household exposure, a consistent effect was seen only at 20+ cigarettes a day.