ALCOHOL EXPOSURE, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND DEVELOPMENT

描述：(改编自《调查者摘要》)胎儿患者 酒精综合症(FAS)表现出显著的社会行为缺陷；这些 社会行为的变化与智力的变化无关 并且可能会对日常运作造成很大的损害。目标是 这项提议的目的是使用一种Fas模型，在该模型中，大鼠暴露于 酒精在发育过程中的作用 改变老鼠的社会行为。所使用的模型新颖且 在相当于三个月的孕期或在其他情况下，使大鼠暴露于酒精中 词语，在产前和产后时期都有。第一套 实验通过比较酒精的影响来表征该模型。 在产前和产后期间暴露于 单独的产前的前半部分，产前的后半部分 单独的时期，和出生后单独的活跃期，被动回避 学习和空间学习。在对第一个模型进行刻画之后 在接下来的两年中，研究酒精暴露的影响 社会动力的发展。第二组实验的重点是 关联语境中的社会动机。这些实验使用了 不同隔离、奔跑条件下的窘迫发声 在不同程度的社交后获得同种访问的速度 剥夺和社会偏好具有不同水平的同种异物 咄咄逼人。第三组实验考察了社会动机在 使用驻留/入侵者范式的攻击性情境 和女性；动机是通过改变背景而变化的 攻击性就会发生。所有关于社会动机的实验都使用了 区分动机效应和效应的加性因素技术 关于感知或反应机制；通常这项技术检查 在不同程度动机下的行为，并预测如果群体 社会动机不同，那么他们的行为方式也会不同 被社会动机水平的变化所改变的。雌性大鼠 据预测，在发育过程中接触酒精会增强社交 动机而在发育过程中暴露于酒精的雄性大鼠 被预测已经消亡的社会动机。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) People with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) exhibit striking deficits in social behavior; these alterations in social behavior are independent of changes in intelligence and may be very damaging with respect to day-to-day functioning. The goal of this proposal is to use a model of FAS in which the rat is exposed to alcohol during development to investigate the mechanism by which alcohol alters social behaviors in the rat. The model that is used is novel and exposes rats to alcohol during all three trimester equivalents or, in other words, during both the prenatal and postnatal periods. The first set of experiments characterizes the model by comparing the effects of alcohol exposure during both the prenatal and postnatal period to exposure during the first half of the prenatal period alone, the second half of the prenatal period alone, and the postnatal period alone on activity, passive avoidance learning and spatial learning. After characterizing the model in the first year, the next two years examine the effect of alcohol exposure during development on social motivation. The second set of experiments focuses on the social motivation in an affiliative context. The experiments use distress vocalizations under different conditions of isolation, running speed to gain access to a conspecific after varying degrees of social deprivation, and social preference for conspecifics with different levels of aggressiveness. The third set of experiments examines social motivation in an aggressive context using the resident/intruder paradigm for both males and females; the motivation is varied by changing the context in which the aggression occurs. All of the experiments on social motivation use the additive factors technique to tease apart effects on motivation from effects on perception or the response mechanism; generally this technique examines the behavior under varying degrees of motivation and predicts that if groups differ in social motivation, then they will differ in how their behavior is altered by alterations in the level of social motivation. Female rats exposed to alcohol during development are predicted to have enhanced social motivation whereas male rats exposed to alcohol during development are predicted to have deceased social motivation.