REbuilding a sense of PLACE (REPLACE): The socio-cultural role of 3D technologies in increasing community resilience after natural disasters.

自然灾害比以往任何时候都更频繁地造成景观和建筑环境的破坏。这些事件对社区产生了深远的影响。当他们失去自己的实际家园时，社区也有可能失去自己的身份，这使他们特别脆弱。遗产（包括有形和无形遗产）对个人和社区的身份、自我理解和地方感的定义都至关重要。它使地方具有文化意义，并表达了社区内生活的社会意义。对许多人来说，灾难造成的文化遗产损失相当于失去了一只胳膊或一条腿：“你为失去而悲伤，你最终学会了适应，但你永远不会完全恢复。在考虑这些损失时，我们需要探讨如何不仅重建失去的遗产，而且重建地方感，以帮助社区愈合和恢复社会。这将建设它们的复原力，提高它们防备、应对和从未来冲击中恢复的能力，特别是在自然灾害频繁发生的地区。 高清晰度3D技术（如激光扫描、摄影测量、快速原型制作）被认为在加强遗产和地方恢复方面具有巨大潜力。然而，到目前为止，还没有人探索当地社区如何应对3D技术主导的干预措施，以及哪些干预措施可以最好地帮助社区做好准备，应对灾害和从灾害中恢复。因此，数字项目的实施没有任何证据表明这些干预措施是否有能力通过加强社会恢复、重建社区对一个地方的归属感和帮助社区收回对当地遗产的所有权来提高社区的复原力。关于3D技术在记录和恢复丢失遗产方面的作用的文献通常以结果为中心，主要关注遗产的有形方面（即纪念碑、建筑物）作为恢复的最终产品，而不是协调使用3D技术通过HMC支持社区。 基于这些前提，为了在HMC中有效地集成3D技术，现在是时候：1.了解3D技术如何满足社区在失去亲人后重建地方感的需求。2.设计和测试可以促进社区复原力的3D技术，根据仙台框架，定义为吸收逆境，应对变化和继续发展的能力（即通过更好地重建而更好地恢复），并在HMC的各个阶段援助社区。 我想调查，展示并使国家和国际关注3D技术在帮助社区在经历自然灾害后重建地方感方面的影响力。要做到这一点，我们必须考虑一个复杂但同质的文化背景，长期以来经常发生灾难。这项深入的纵向研究对于澄清3D技术在灾害管理周期的各个阶段提高复原力和增强社区权能的作用至关重要。我将研究和比较意大利的一些社区，这个国家坐落在重要的地质断层线上，近年来经常遭受地震袭击，不仅造成生命和遗产损失，而且还被迫流离失所和移民。

Natural disasters are causing the destruction of landscapes and built environments more frequently than ever before. These events have a profound impact on communities. When they lose their physical home, communities also risk losing their identity which makes them particularly vulnerable. Heritage (both tangible and intangible) is essential to both an individual's and a community's definition of identity, self-understanding, and sense of place. It makes places culturally significant and expresses the social meaning of life within a community. For many people, the loss of cultural heritage through disaster is equivalent to losing an arm or a leg: 'you grieve for the loss, you eventually learn to adapt, but you never fully recover'. When considering such losses, we need to explore ways in which we can rebuild not only the lost heritage but also the sense of place, to help communities heal and recover socially. This will build their resilience and increase their ability to prepare, respond to, and recover from future shocks, especially in areas where natural disasters are recurrent. High-definition 3D technologies (e.g. laser scanning, photogrammetry, rapid prototyping) are recognized as having a great potential to enhance heritage and place recovery. However, to date, nobody has explored how local communities have responded to 3D technology-led interventions and which interventions can best help communities to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. Thus, digital projects are undertaken without any evidence as to whether these interventions have the power to increase community resilience by enhancing social recovery, rebuilding a community's sense of belonging to a place, and helping communities to reclaim ownership of their local heritage. Literature on the role of 3D technologies for documenting and recovering lost heritage is often outcome-centred and focuses primarily on the tangible aspects of heritage (i.e. monuments, buildings) as an end product of recovery, rather than on a co-ordinated use of 3D technologies to support communities through the HMC. Based on these premises and to integrate 3D technologies effectively in the HMC it is time to: 1. Understand how 3D technologies can serve the needs of a community to rebuild a sense of place after their loss. 2. Design and test 3D technologies that can promote community resilience, defined, according to the Sendai Framework, as the capability to absorb adversity, deal with change and continue to develop (i.e. bouncing back better by building back better), and aid communities during the various phases of the HMC. I want to investigate, demonstrate and bring into national and international focus the impactful role of 3D technologies in helping communities to rebuild a sense of place after experiencing a natural disaster. To do this, we must consider a complex but homogeneous cultural context with a long history of recurrent disasters. This in-depth longitudinal study is crucial for clarifying the role of 3D technologies for increasing resilience and empowering communities during the various stages of the Hazard Management Cycle. I will study and compare a number of communities in Italy, a country that sits on significant geological fault lines and has regularly been hit by earthquakes in recent years that have resulted in not only loss of lives and heritage but also forced displacement and migration.