Acquiring rich longitudinal passive sleep data across childhood and adolescence (8-18yrs)-the AMBIENT sleep study

睡眠是健康的重要组成部分，使个人能够以最佳状态运作。据广泛报道，许多儿童和青少年睡眠不足，使他们面临各种负面健康和教育结果的更大风险。然而，这些联系尚未得到充分调查。例如，在儿童和青少年（8- 18岁）的关键发育阶段，睡眠行为会发生显着变化。尽管如此，我们不知道什么是睡眠模式的正常变化，什么是潜在的问题，或指示潜在的当前或未来的问题，以及什么外部因素可能影响变化。可以使用多导睡眠图详细测量睡眠，但是这不可能长期和大规模使用。主观的自我报告问卷调查数据，或睡眠日记，虽然可能在规模上进行，已被证明是不可靠的。来自研究质量睡眠觉醒手表（活动记录仪）的测量是一种更客观的收集数据的方式，然而，它们并不总是被很好地容忍。根据我们自己在我们的奖项（睡眠，昼夜节律和学校心理健康（SCRAMS）项目）中对年轻人进行体动记录的经验，该技术存在两个主要问题：（i）耐受性低，特别是在触摸敏感度过高或运动受限的人群中;（ii）受电池寿命和数据存储的限制，限制了其使用时间。在其他研究中也报告了困难：英国生物银行和ABCD（对成千上万人的大型研究）都进行了腕动记录，但持续时间很短（最多几周）。这种简短的记录不适合深入了解睡眠行为，因为周末，学校假期或季节变化的影响并没有表现出来。在我们的SCRAMS焦点小组中，学生们发现了体动计的其他问题：（i）需要几天时间来适应它，（ii）佩戴不舒服/笨重，（iii）带子有时会导致皮肤干燥/皮疹，以及（iv）洗澡/游泳后容易忘记重新戴上。因此，18%的参与者在研究期间没有佩戴活动记录仪。教师的反馈表明，来自弱势群体或学习成绩较低的学生辍学率较高。在其他研究（如UB Biobank）中报告了未完成数据收集的受试者的类似偏倚。因此，迫切需要新的方法来收集睡眠数据，更容易使用，在更长的时间内，可以减少这些偏差。我们建议开发和评估一种新的方式收集睡眠数据，不需要安装后的积极参与。我们将测试一种非穿戴式睡眠跟踪器，它在家中使用基于雷达的睡眠监测。Somnofy（VitalThings，挪威）是一种市售睡眠监测仪，已针对PSG进行了验证，并获得了相关安全批准。该系统可以在相对较长的时间段内使用，并具有大规模使用的潜力。我们将优化8- 18岁年龄段的方法，以测试睡眠数据收集标准方法的可行性和性能。我们将与年轻人共同制作材料，以便研究可以在不同的年龄范围和背景中进行访问，参与和相关。我们将邀请他们加入我们的产品审查小组或公民科学小组，让他们参与研究。因此，我们将制定协议和分析方法，以促进在未来的纵向青少年队列研究中大规模使用这些新一代睡眠数据收集方法。然后，这些方法可以用于解决以下问题：模式如何在关键的发育窗口中变化，什么反映了正常的睡眠行为，什么可能预测负面结果，以及什么可能保护睡眠健康

Sleep is an essential part of health, allowing individuals to function at their best. It is widely reported that many children and teens do not get enough sleep, putting them at greater risk of various negative health and educational outcomes. However, these links have yet to be fully investigated. For example, during the key developmental stages of childhood and adolescence (8-18years), sleep behaviours change significantly. Despite this, we do not know what constitutes normal changes in sleep patterns, what are potentially problematic, or indicate underlying current or future problems, and what external factors may be influencing changes.Current data collection methods have various problems. Sleep can be measured in detail using polysomnography, however this is not possible to use this long-term and at-scale. Subjective self-report questionnaire data, or sleep diaries, though possible to conduct at scale, have been shown to be unreliable. Measures derived from research quality sleep-wake watches (actigraphs), are a more objective way of gathering data, however, they are not always well tolerated. Based on our own experience of actigraphy in young people in our award (Sleep, circadian rhythms and mental health in schools (SCRAMS) project), this technique presented two main issues (i) low tolerance, especially in people with hyper touch sensitivity or movement limitation and (ii) limited by battery life and data storage, restricting its period of use. Difficulties are also reported in other studies: both UK Biobank and ABCD (large studies on 10s of thousands of people) administered actigraphy, but only short time durations (a few weeks at most). Such short recordings are not appropriate for understanding sleep behavior in depth, as the effects of weekends, school holidays or seasonal changes are not represented. During our SCRAMS focus groups, pupils identified other problems with actigraphy: (i) a few days were required to get used to it, (ii) uncomfortable/bulky to wear, (iii) strap sometimes caused dry skin/rash, and (iv) easy to forget to put back on after bathing/swimming. Thus, 18% of our participants did not wear the actigraph for the study duration. Teacher feedback indicated dropping out was higher in pupils from vulnerable groups or with lower academic performance. Similar bias in terms of those who did not complete data collection are reported in other studies like UB Biobank. There is therefore an urgent need for new ways to collect sleep data that are easier to use and over longer periods of time and that can lessen these biases.We propose to develop and evaluate a new way of collecting sleep data that requires no active participation once installed. We will test a non-wearable sleep tracker that uses radar-based sleep monitoring in the home. Somnofy (VitalThings, Norway) is a commercially available sleep monitor that has been validated against PSG and undergone relevant safety approvals. The system can be used over relatively long periods of time and has the potential to be used at scale. We will optimize methods across the ages 8-18yrs to test feasibility and performance against standard methods of sleep data collection. We will co-produce materials with young people in order that research can be made accessible, engaging, and relevant across the different age ranges and backgrounds. We will invite them to either join our product review group, or our citizen science group, to engage them in the research.We will therefore develop protocols and analysis approaches that facilitate the use of these new generation of sleep data collection methods at scale in future longitudinal adolescent cohort studies. These methods can then be used to address questions around how patterns change over critical developmental windows, what reflects normal sleep behaviours, what potentially predicts negative outcomes, and what may be protective for sleep health