STUDIES OF POPULATIONS EXPOSED TO ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF RADIATION

室内氡是世界人口的主要辐射源 可能是肺癌的重要原因。的若干研究 对暴露于家庭氡的人口进行了调查。一 肺癌与室内氡的病例对照研究荟萃分析 得出的结果类似于对地下矿工的研究， 氡已被确定为人类致癌物。病例对照 地下室居民肺癌与氡的关系研究 在中国的住宅中，以及在密苏里州的吸烟和不吸烟女性中， 在现场或在数据分析阶段。大型病例对照 对儿童白血病的研究没有提供证据表明 室内氡和儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病之间的关系 对受核试验或核事故沉降物影响的人群的研究 是该项目的另一个主要焦点。切尔诺贝利核反应堆 乌克兰的一次事故导致甲状腺疾病空前增加 在白俄罗斯、乌克兰西北部和与乌克兰接壤的 俄罗斯省份。在能源部（DOE）的协助下， 和核管理委员会（NRC），NCI组织了长期的 对白俄罗斯约15，000名儿童和白俄罗斯30- 50，000名儿童进行了后续研究， 乌克兰居住在俄罗斯捷恰河沿岸沿着的村民 暴露在马雅克人的慢性内外辐射之下 核设施。癌症死亡率正在一个队列中评估， 大约28，000人受到大剂量辐射， 放射性废料被倒入河里。队列的初步数据 塞米巴拉金斯克原子弹试验附近村庄的20 000名居民 哈萨克斯坦的研究中心表明，该队列可能提供有关 与暴露于放射性沉降物有关的癌症风险。REB计划 评估辐射剂量估计，并进行甲状腺 重度暴露和轻度暴露居民的筛查研究 15岁以下的村庄。

Indoor radon is a major source of radiation for the world's population and may be an important cause of lung cancer. Several studies of populations exposed to domestic radon are being conducted. A meta-analysis of case-control studies of lung cancer and indoor radon yielded results similar to those based on studies of underground miners, for whom radon has been established as a human carcinogen. Case-control studies of lung cancer and radon among residents living in underground dwellings in China, and among smoking and non-smoking females in Missouri are in the field or in the data analysis stage. A large case-control study of childhood leukemia provided no evidence of an association between indoor radon and childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Studies of populations exposed to fallout from nuclear tests or accidents are another major focus of this project. The Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident in Ukraine has led to an unprecedented increase in thyroid cancer among children in Belarus, northwestern Ukraine, and bordering Russian provinces. With the assistance of the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), NCI has organized long-term follow-up studies of about 15,000 children in Belarus and 30-50,000 in Ukraine. Villagers living along the banks of the Techa River in Russia were exposed to chronic external and internal radiation from the Mayak nuclear facility. Cancer mortality is being evaluated in a cohort of approximately 28,000 people who received large doses of radiation from the radioactive waste dumped into the river. Preliminary data on a cohort of 20,000 residents of villages near the Semipalatinsk Atomic Bomb Test Site in Kazakstan suggest that this cohort might be informative about cancer risks associated with exposure to radioactive fallout. REB plans to evaluate radiation dosimetry estimates, and conduct a thyroid screening study of residents of heavily exposed and lightly exposed villages who were under 15 years of age at exposure.