NEURAL MECHANISMS OF SOUND SOURCE IN VERTEBRATES

描述：这项研究计划的总体目标是确定 简单的脊椎动物听觉系统如何运作才能产生 在比较和进化的背景下定义的听证。我们认为 所有脊椎动物物种的听觉功能 主要是在检测、识别、分类和定位方面 有生命的和无生命的声源。此外，我们假设 确定声源的神经机制包括 脊椎动物之间广泛共享的原始组件和策略 物种，包括人类。这一观点激励和指导了 拟议的实验。初步工作已经证明，尽管广泛 鱼类内耳与四足动物内耳的差异，感觉 在心理物理和神经生理学研究中揭示的听力 金鱼似乎在基本方面与金鱼没有什么区别 陆生动物，包括哺乳动物。 本研究提出了行为学、神经生理学和神经解剖学。 实验旨在帮助评估这样一种假设，即 听力及其潜在的神经机制在 数量最多、最成功的脊椎动物--鱼。这两种产品的比较 与金鱼和四足动物的结果将有助于揭示 脊椎动物耳朵之间发生变化的维度。两个基本原则 将研究声源确定的各个方面：声源 定位和声源识别与分类。这些 研究将在三个层面上进行：行为 (心理物理学和标度型研究)，单细胞神经生理学 不同层次的听觉系统，以及比较神经解剖学。这个 目标是将鱼与人类和其他四足动物在以下方面进行比较 确定声源的神经机制。这些结果 将有助于人类动物模型的开发和评估 倾听并帮助建立内部的比较和进化背景 人类的听觉可以更好地被理解。

DESCRIPTION: The overall goals of this research program are to determine how simple vertebrate auditory systems function to give rise to the sense of hearing defined in a comparative and evolutionary context. We argue that the sense of hearing functions in species of all vertebrate classes primarily in the detection, identification, classification, and the location of both animate and inanimate sound sources. In addition, we hypothesize that the neural mechanisms underlying sound source determination consist of primitive components and strategies that are widely shared among vertebrate species, including human beings. This view motivates and guides the proposed experiments.Preliminary work has demonstrated that in spite of wide differences in the inner ears of fishes compared with tetrapods, the sense of hearing revealed in psychophysical and neurophysiological studies on goldfish appears to be indistinguishable in fundamental aspects from that of terrestrial animals, including mammals. The present proposed behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroanatomical experiments are designed to help evaluate the hypothesis that the sense of hearing and its underlying neural mechanisms are widely shared among the most numerous and successful vertebrates, the fishes. Comparisons of these results with those for goldfish and tetrapods will help reveal the dimensions on which variation occurs among vertebrate ears. Two fundamental aspects of sound source determination will be studied: sound source localization and sound source identification and classification. These studies will be carried out at three levels of analysis: behavior (psychophysics and scaling type of studies), single-cell neurophysiology at various levels of the auditory system, and comparative neuroanatomy. The goals are to compare fishes with humans and other tetrapods with respect to the neural mechanisms underlying sound source determination. These results will help in the development and evaluation of animal models for human hearing and help establish the comparative and evolutionary contexts within which the human sense of hearing can be better understood.