MEMORY, LANGUAGE, CULTURE

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：一份常见的轶事报告 是他们记得发生在他们年轻时的事情 比最近的事件更年轻。当这种正常的逆转 单调保持功能仔细检查，无论是问生活 故事或治愈个人的自传体记忆的话，老 成年人确实记得更多的10至30岁的事件。 这种“碰撞”现象是为数不多的衰老认知效应之一， 性能的下降它有许多解释， 用认知心理学的标准技术来区分。但到 研究在不同时期移民的人们， 语言，文化和环境，我们建议将 解释。自传体记忆的一个核心方面是语言， 很少有人研究过记忆或任何形式的话语是否更容易被理解。 以其编码的语言检索。然而，一些研究表明， 成人，心理治疗的临床数据，以及反思 年长的双语者的研究表明确实如此。通过检查人们的记忆 在不同时期移民并学习第二语言的人（以及那些 没有同时迁移或学习两种语言，或者只知道一种 语言），我们可以研究这些问题。由于许多老年人 双语者改变了他们的语言能力， 他们的寿命，甚至更多的人已经进行了大迁徙，这项工作已经 对语言和记忆本质的理论和实践兴趣 在成人发展中。任务包括一个叙述和一个单词提示 自传体记忆程序和双语语言评估。 招募的参与者人群，以帮助分离的影响，包括成人 移民到美国盎格鲁人或西班牙裔社区的西班牙裔人，波兰人 在丹麦获得庇护的人，单语非移民匹配对照， 以及在美国境内移民到非退休地区的单语老年人 社区、年龄隔离的退休社区和长期护理 设施

Description (adapted from investigator's abstract): A common anecdotal report of older adults is that they remember events that occurred when they were younger better than more recent events. When this reversal of a normal monotonic retention function is examined carefully, either by asking for life stories or by curing individual autobiographical memories with words, older adults do indeed remember more events from when they were 10 to 30 years old. This "bump" phenomenon is one of the few cognitive effects of aging that is not a decrement in performance. It has many explanations that have resisted being teased apart using standard techniques of cognitive psychology. However, by examining people who migrated at various points in their lives, changing language, culture, and environment, we propose to separate classes of explanations. A central aspect of autobiographical memory is language, yet little work has examined whether memory, or discourse of any kind, is easier to retrieve in the language in which it was encoded. Yet a few studies with young adults, clinical data from psychotherapeutic treatment, and the introspections of older bilinguals indicate that it is. By examining the memories of people who migrated and learned a second language at different times (and those who did not migrate or learned both languages simultaneously, or know only one language), we can examine such questions. Since many older adults are bilinguals who have changed their relative competence in their languages over their lifespans, and even more have made major migrations, this work has practical as well as theoretical interest for the nature of language and memory in adult development. Tasks include a narrative and a word-cued autobiographical memory procedure, and a bilingual language assessment. Participant populations recruited to help separate effects include adult Hispanics who migrated to either Anglo or Hispanic communities in the US, Poles who were granted asylum in Denmark, monolingual non-migrating matched controls, and older monolingual adults who migrated within the US to non-retirement communities, age segregated retirement communities, and long-term care facilities.