A new radar for integrated atmospheric science in the southern hemisphere.

地球大气层是一个复杂的动力系统，涉及从局部到区域再到行星尺度以及从地面到外层空间的相互作用。特别是，日益明显的是，大气层的最上层(中间层、热层、电离层和磁层/外磁层)可能对低层大气(平流层和对流层)产生重大影响。例如，BAS和莱斯特大学的工作显示了与100公里以上太阳加热、电离层电流引起的地磁活动以及来自磁层的高能粒子有关的对低层大气的影响。这项研究是针对政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)的报告进行的，该报告指出，对太阳能的贡献的科学理解水平“非常低”，具有重大的不确定性。认识到高层大气的重要性，英国气象局最近将其业务预报模型的上限从37公里提高到63公里，从而提高了预报技能，今年将推出的下一款模型的上限将为80公里。超级双极光雷达网(SuperDARN)是在地方、区域和行星尺度上测量中间层、热层和电离层对流和波的有力工具。它极大地促进了我们对高层大气和太空的理解，尽管英国对SuperDARN的投资相对较小，但它的开发一直占据主导地位。最初，SuperDARN集中在极地纬度，但最近它已开始将覆盖范围扩大到较低温带纬度，形成一个名为StormDARN的子网络。该提案强调了在福克兰群岛建立StormDARN雷达的时间有限的机会，以应对综合大气科学的三个具体挑战--大气重力波、大气层潮汐和来自外辐射带的电荷粒子降水的结构和影响。

The Earth's atmosphere is a complex dynamical system involving interactions from local through regional to planetary scales and from the ground to its outer limits in Space. In particular, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the uppermost layers of the atmosphere (mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere/exosphere) may have significant influences on the lower atmosphere (stratosphere and troposphere). For example, work at BAS and Leicester University has shown influences on the lower atmosphere associated with solar heating above 100 km, geomagnetic activity arising from electrical currents in the ionosphere, and energetic particles from the magnetosphere. Such research is addressing the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which stated that the level of scientific understanding of the solar contribution is 'very low' and has significant uncertainties. Recognising the importance of the upper atmosphere, the U.K. Meteorological Office has recently raised the upper limit of its operational forecasting model from 37 to 63 km altitude with a consequent increase in forecasting skill and the next model due this year will have a ceiling at 80km. The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is a powerful tool for measuring convection and waves in the mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere on local, regional and planetary scales. It has greatly advanced our understanding of the upper atmosphere and Space, and the U.K., despite a relatively small investment in SuperDARN, has dominated its exploitation. Initially, SuperDARN was concentrated at polar latitudes but recently it has begun to expand its coverage to lower temperate latitudes to form a sub-network known as StormDARN. This proposal highlights a time-limited opportunity to build a StormDARN radar on the Falkland Islands to address three specific challenges of integrated atmospheric science - the structure and influences of atmospheric gravity waves, atmospheric tides, and charge particle precipitation from the outer radiation belt.