Carbon Capture and Storage: Realising the Potential

碳捕集与封存（CCS）技术对全球减少化石燃料二氧化碳排放的努力具有潜在的重要贡献。如果成功开发和部署，它们可以允许继续使用化石燃料，同时实现排放量的大幅减少。尽管CCS正在积极发展，但在技术、经济和财务可行性方面仍存在很大的不确定性。该项目将由苏塞克斯大学、爱丁堡大学和帝国理工学院的三所合作机构与研究用户组织密切合作，对CCS的可行性进行独立的跨学科评估，从现在到2030年。研究结果将有助于对CCS的学术理解、公共政策制定和商业分析。项目团队包括CCS工程和存储方面的专家；在低碳创新分析中；在能源经济和政策方面。该项目有三个主要目标：-根据一系列标准，帮助决策者了解CCS技术成功商业化的条件，并为政策决策提供信息，决定是否将这些技术强制用于化石燃料发电厂和其他大型化石燃料排放源-通过研究过去具有与CCS相似特征的创新，开发一种评估新兴低碳技术的新方法；以及它们被开发和部署的方式。-通过提供CCS技术的独立专业知识来源，提高对其在低碳能源系统中的潜在作用的理解，以及开发具有多重不确定性的技术评估工具，为英国能源研究中心的研究计划做出贡献。为了实现这些目标，该研究项目包括三个主要研究活动和一个参与和传播计划。研究活动包括：1、研究内容：CCS关键不确定性维度的识别。不确定性的维度包括诸如从示范规模扩大到公用事业规模（CCS技术尚未实现这一目标）、组件技术之间的整合（CCS系统的组件存在，但不在一个集成系统中）以及公众可接受性等问题。这项活动将借鉴学术文献和从业人员（例如决策者和金融家）对技术评价的见解。2. 技术案例研究。该活动将考察有助于理解CCS不确定性维度的历史和当代技术。将选择8-10项技术进行分析，包括政府政策、私营部门战略和其他因素如何影响这些技术的发展。可能的案例研究包括核电、北海石油和天然气投资，以及军事、航空航天和其他公用事业部门的技术。3. 2030年前CCS发展与部署分析。该活动将探讨CCS技术如何在英国进行演示和部署。其他技术的案例研究和不确定性的维度将用于分析这些部署的“途径”。分析的一个关键问题将是能源市场变化对投资CCS技术风险的影响。该项目还将比较英国CCS的可能路径与其他国家（特别是中国和美国）的类似分析。在传播和参与方面，该项目将从早期阶段定期产生产出，并在项目网站上公布，并将在2012年春季产生最终报告。该项目将为英国政策提供具体建议和影响。它将通过一个指导小组与决策者、企业、监管机构和环境团体等利益攸关方接触，指导小组将定期举行会议，就进展和新出现的产出提供咨询意见。

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies are potentially important contributors to global efforts to reduce fossil fuel emissions of CO2. If successfully developed and deployed, they could allow the continued use of fossil fuels whilst achieving large reductions in emissions. Although under active development, there are significant uncertainties about the technical, economic and financial viability of CCS. This project will conduct an independent, inter-disciplinary assessment of CCS viability from now to 2030, by a three-institution partnership from the Universities of Sussex, Edinburgh and Imperial College in close co-operation with research user organisations. Results will contribute to academic understanding, public policy making and business analysis of CCS. The project team includes expertise in CCS engineering and storage; in the analysis of low carbon innovation; and in energy economics and policy. The project has three main objectives: - To help policy makers to understand the conditions for successful commercialisation of CCS technologies with respect to a range of criteria - and to inform policy decisions on whether to make these technologies mandatory for fossil fuel power plants and other large sources of fossil fuel emissions - To develop a new approach to the assessment of emerging low carbon technologies by studying past innovations with similar characteristics to CCS, and the way in which they were developed and deployed. - To contribute to the UK Energy Research Centre's research programme by providing a source of independent expertise in CCS technologies, by improving understanding of their potential role in low carbon energy systems, and by developing tools to assess technologies with multiple uncertainties To meet these objectives, the research project includes three main research activities and a programme of engagement and dissemination. The research activities are: 1. The identification of key dimensions of uncertainty for CCS. Dimensions of uncertainty include issues such as scaling up from demonstration to utility scale (CCS technologies have yet to achieve this), integrating component technologies with one another (components of CCS systems exist, but not in an integrated system) and public acceptability. This activity will draw on insights on technology appraisal from the academic literature and practitioners (e.g. policy makers and financiers). 2. Technology case studies. This activity will examine historical and contemporary technologies that can help to understand the dimensions of uncertainty for CCS. 8-10 technologies will be chosen for analysis, including the way in which government policy, private sector strategies and other factors have affected their development. Possible case studies include nuclear power, North Sea oil and gas investment, and technologies from the military, aerospace and other utility sectors. 3. The analysis of CCS development and deployment to 2030. This activity will explore how CCS technologies might be demonstrated and deployed in the UK. The case studies of other technologies and the dimensions of uncertainty will be used to analyse these 'pathways' to deployment. A key issue for the analysis will be influence of changes in the energy market on the risks of investing in CCS technologies. The project will also compare possible pathways for CCS in the UK with similar analyses in other countries - particularly China and the USA With respect to dissemination and engagement, the project will produce outputs regularly from an early stage, publish them on a project website, and will produce a final report in spring 2012. The project will develop specific advice and implications for UK policy. It will engage with stakeholders such as policy makers, firms, regulators and environmental groups through a steering group that will meet regularly to advise on progress and emerging outputs.