DEVELOPMENT OF FORM, RIVALRY AND BINOCULARITY

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：当非常不同的图像 两个人的眼睛，不是同时看到的， 在知觉优势中交替，这种现象被称为竞争。竞争是 通常被认为是独立的竞争相互作用的结果， 单眼表征位于视觉处理的早期阶段。这 这种观点最近受到了新的神经生理学数据的挑战， 竞争性刺激对细胞反应的调节只发生在 双眼细胞-特别是那些早期视觉区域以外的细胞。新 心理物理的演示和重新发现几个老的也是 与旧的观点不相容，并表明竞争是一个更高的秩序， 在双眼会聚点之后发生的过程。我们已经开发 一个客观的竞争电生理测量， 成年人的主观竞争报告。该技术与以前的技术不同 因为竞争可以仅仅根据脑电活动来检测。我们 我已经将这项技术应用于5到15岁之间正常发育的婴儿 几个月的年龄，并没有发现任何证据的竞争交替。 非竞争性刺激的对照实验表明， 用于测试竞争的时空条件下的双目互动。 这个项目的目的是研究这种明显的分裂， 一种新的电生理学的发展背景。如果竞争 和基本的双眼相互作用具有明显不同的发展 序列，如初步数据所示，将支持 竞争是一种高阶感知现象的新观点。如果另 一方面，紧密的联系被认为是发展之间的双目机制 和竞争，将支持传统的观点。拟议 实验对于新的或传统的观点是不可知的， 无论结果如何都是有用的。 此外，大量 大量关于方向域相互作用的有趣数据 也将获得双目，这将有助于理解 双眼视觉和形体的正常发育顺序 愿景，独立于他们的竞争关系的发展。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): When very different images are presented to the two eyes, they are not seen simultaneously, rather they alternate in perceptual dominance, a phenomenon known as rivalry. Rivalry is often considered to be the result of competitive interactions between separate monocular representations located at an early stage of visual processing. This view has been challenged recently by new neurophysiological data indicating that modulation of cell responses by rivalrous stimuli occurs exclusively in binocular cells - particularly those outside of early visual areas. New psychophysical demonstrations and rediscovery of several old ones are also incompatible with older views and suggest that rivalry is a higher-order process occurring after the site of binocular convergence. We have developed an objective electrophysiological measure of rivalry that correlates well with subjective reports of rivalry in adults. The technique differs from previous ones in that rivalry can be detected solely on the basis of brain electrical activity. We have applied this technique in normally developing infants between 5 and 15 months of age and have failed to find any evidence of rivalry alternation. Control experiments with non-rivalrous stimuli indicate that the infants have binocular interactions under the spatio-temporal conditions used to test rivalry. The purpose of this project is to examine this apparent disassociation within a developmental context using a new electrophysiological approach. If rivalry and elementary binocular interactions have distinctly different developmental sequences, as suggested by preliminary data, support will be give to the new view of rivalry as a higher-order perceptual phenomenon. If on the other hand, tight linkage is seen between the development of binocular mechanisms and rivalry, support will be given to the traditional view. The proposed experiments are agnostic regarding the new or traditional views and are designed to be useful, regardless of their outcome. Moreover, a substantial amount of otherwise interesting data on orientation-domain interactions and binocularity will also be obtained that will be helpful for understanding the normal developmental sequences of both binocular vision and form vision, independent of their relationship to the development of rivalry.