REDUCING JET-LAG WITH PRACTICAL CIRCADIAN TREATMENTS

时差反应是社会上最普遍的疾病之一。病征 包括失眠、日间困倦、疲劳、警觉性下降和 表现，烦躁不安，注意力不集中，迷失方向，和 胃肠道不适。时差反应不只是游客的痛苦；它可能 损害商人和妇女、外交官和 军方的。时差的症状出现是因为体内的生物钟 缓慢地重新调整到新时区所需的睡眠/唤醒时间表。 当几个时区交叉时，旅行者被迫睡在 昼夜节律的“错误”阶段，当它们在生理上被设定为 醒着，然后在生理上准备好睡觉的时候尽量保持清醒。 随着昼夜节律时钟逐渐移向重新缠绕， 时差逐渐消退。在向东移动之后，需要更长的时间来适应 在向西飞行之后，因为生物钟的前进速度比 拖延时间。此外，在向东飞行之后，昼夜节律可能 重新缠绕在错误的方向上，例如，它们可能会延迟16小时，而不是 提前8小时，进一步延长时差症状。 研究人员建议测试使昼夜节律提前的治疗方法。 为预防或减轻症状而在向东飞行前计时 时差反应。治疗将包括3天的逐渐提前睡眠。 日程表，醒来后使用明亮的人造光，下午服用褪黑素药片。 这些治疗方法是专门为真正的旅行者设计的 起飞前在家中使用。结果衡量标准将是 与飞行日期对应的日期的相位提前，从 内源性褪黑素分泌的昼夜节律。他们还将测量 治疗的副作用，旅行者必须付出的“代价” 为了防止或减少时差反应，包括(手腕活动引起的)睡眠不足 监视器和睡眠日志)以及日间困倦和疲劳(来自 问卷)。目标是为REAL制定切实可行的建议 旅行者。

Jet-lag is one of society's most prevalent disorders. Symptoms include insomnia, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, decrements in alertness and performance, dysphoric mood, loss of concentration, disorientation, and gastrointestinal distress. Jet-lag is not just the bane of tourists; it can impair the judgment and performance of businessmen and women, diplomats and the military. The symptoms of jet-lag occur because the internal circadian clock is slow to re-entrain to the sleep/wake schedule required in the new time zone. When several time zones are crossed, travelers are forced to sleep at the "wrong" phase of their circadian cycle, when they are physiologically set for waking, and then try to stay awake when they are physiologically set to sleep. As the circadian clock gradually phase shifts to re-entrain, the symptoms of jet-lag gradually dissipate. It takes longer to adapt after an eastward that after a westward flight, because the circadian clock is slower to advance than to delay. Furthermore, after an eastward flight, circadian rhythms may re-entrain in the wrong direction, e.g., they may delay 16 hrs instead of advancing 8 hrs, further prolonging the symptoms of jet-lag. The investigators propose to test treatments to phase advance the circadian clock before an eastward flight, in order to prevent or reduce the symptoms of jet-lag. The treatments will include 3 days of a gradually advancing sleep schedule, bright artificial light after waking, and afternoon melatonin pills. These treatments are specifically designed to be feasible for real travelers to use at home before a flight. The outcome measures will be the magnitude of phase advance on the day that corresponds to the day of flight, measured from the circadian rhythm of endogenous melatonin secretion. They will also measure the side effects of treatment, the "price" that travelers would have to pay in order to prevent or reduce jet-lag, including sleep loss (from wrist activity monitors and sleep logs) and daytime sleepiness and fatigue (from questionnaires). The goal is to develop practical recommendations for real travelers.