FUNCTIONAL OPTICAL IMAGING OF BRAIN INJURY (F NIRI)

描述(改编自申请者摘要)：神经活动 在认知任务中大脑功能的潜在可能是可靠的 表现为密切相关的局部血流动力学反应。这 响应不仅可以表征功能性活动，还可以表征功能性 解剖学。PET是一种使用血管内放射标记的技术 正电子发射示踪剂，可以测量局部脑血流量。 功能性(F)MRI使用血氧水平依赖成像(BOLD)和 提供的信息主要依赖于血氧、血液 脱氧血红蛋白和流动效应。对于功能磁共振成像，特别是对 初级视皮层对5秒光刺激的反应 在刺激后，信号有很大的变化，这是解释 作为脱氧血红蛋白的减少。因此，fMRI信号允许空间和 光信号的时间共配准和验证，并将 每年用于50次测试。基于对暴露的动物的光学研究 Brain(Grinvald，A.等人)(1991))，血药浓度和血药浓度 氧合作用可以用分光光度法测定。经颅研究 是通过光子迁移技术实现的 使用连续的或快速调制的光，首先在频率中使用 用于识别由泛函诱导的特征频率的域 前额叶皮质的活动(Change，B.等人(1993))。本土化 前额叶皮质的反应，这是一种慢性问题 光学方法，这里研究的是9光源，4探测器的连续光 使用改进的C.T.算法运行的成像仪(CWI)。这台成像仪可以获得 每点0.4秒的数据，整体成像采集和显示 每个图像的时间约为10秒。成像器给出了血液氧合的形状和 血药浓度响应分辨率为~1厘米，并显示出 响应，感觉运动的增量约为0.1，增量为0.03 枕叶反应，以及基于182的认知反应的0.03差值 图像。直方图显示验证血容量和氧合 前额叶区域增加。该设备提供了一定程度的 这两个参数的局部变化响应于不同的 认知任务，尤其是成对的单词类比，以及两种类型的 模式识别。由于该设备是高度便携、经济和 提供的数据似乎是非常有效的，基础研究 正常人(200次/年)和慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的额前反应 轻度创伤性损伤(30次/年)建议用于1-4年级，并有更多 第三年的定量仪器，第四年的毛发穿透器 使用功能磁共振联合注册作为“黄金标准”(50/年)。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract): Neurological activity underlying the function of the brain in a cognitive task can be reliably indicated by the closely associated local hemodynamic response. This response can characterize, not only functional activity, but also functional anatomy. PET is a technique that employs intravascular radio labeled positron emitting tracers and can measure regional cerebral blood flow. Functional (f)MRI uses blood oxygen level dependent imaging (BOLD) and affords information primarily dependent upon both blood oxygen, blood deoxyhemoglobin and on flow effects. For fMRI, particularly studies of the response of the primary visual cortex by photic stimulation where 5 sec after the stimulus, there is a large change of signal which is interpreted as a decrease of deoxyghemoglobin. Thus fMRI signal allows spatio and temporal coregistration and validation of the optical signal and will be used in 50 tests per year. Based upon optical studies of the exposed animal brain (Grinvald, A. et al. (1991)), both blood concentration and its oxygenation can be determined spectophotometrically. Transcranial studies of the adult human brain is made possible by photon migration techniques using continuous or rapidly modulated light, first used in the frequency domain to identify characteristics frequencies induced by functional activity of the prefrontal cortex (Change, B. et al.(1993)). Localization of the response in the pre-frontal cortex, a chronic problem with the optical method, is studied here by a 9-source, 4-detector continuous light imager (CWI) operating with a modified C.T. algorithm. This imager acquires data at 0.4 sec per point with an overall imaged acquisition and display time of ~10 sec per image. The imager gives shapes of blood oxygenation and blood concentration responses resolved to ~1 cm and showing magnitudes of response, approximately 0.1 deltaOD for sensory motor 0.03 deltaOD for occipital responses, and 0.03 deltaOD for cognitive responses based upon 182 images. The histogram displays validate the blood volume and oyxgenation increases in the pre-frontal region. The apparatus affords a measure of localized changes of these two parameters in response to a variety of cognitive tasks, particularly paired word analogies, and two types of pattern recognition. Since the apparatus is highly portable, economical and the data presented appear to be highly efficacious, basic research on pre-frontal responses of normal controls (200 tests/yr) and patients with mild traumatic injury (30 tests/yr) is proposed for year 1-4 with a more quantitative apparatus in year 3, and a hair penetrating apparatus in year 4 using fMRI co-registration as the "Gold Standard" (50/year).