Atmospheric Chemistry In The Earth System (ACITES) Network

大气化学在地球系统中起着至关重要的作用。无论是从辐射平衡的变化、污染物对植被的影响、云滴的大小分布，还是从沙漠尘埃对海洋生物地球化学的影响来看，了解大气的组成和化学都是至关重要的。英国在大气化学研究方面有着悠久的历史，从硫磺烟雾的早期，到平流层臭氧的消耗，再到正在进行的空气质量和气候研究。英国社区是多样化的，在通过实验室、野外和过程模拟研究促进理解的全球努力中发挥着核心作用。这项世界领先的大气化学研究的大部分重点是对控制大气组成的各种过程进行详细的理解。然而，现在要解决社会上许多最严重的环境问题，就需要采取更广泛的“地球系统”方法，考虑地球上发生的从生物圈到海洋、冰冻圈和大气的各种过程，而不是孤立地关注一个领域。地球系统模型代表了我们对这些领域的过程和相互作用的理解，建立这样的模型是科学面临的重大挑战之一。将过程研究得出的最新科学认识有效地整合到地球系统模型中是一项挑战。该网络将鼓励这种整合，以便更好地发展英国在大气化学和地球系统建模方面的能力。该网络将通过两种主要方式实现这种交换。第一次是通过一系列会议，第二次是通过社区开展两个科学项目。第一项活动将是一系列综合会议，将侧重于各种进程的小组与侧重于地球系统建模的小组聚集在一起。这些团体将包括来自大学、NERC中心和气象局的团体。其中既包括将整个社区聚集在一起的大型、多天的包容性会议，也包括规模较小、重点更集中的会议。这三个大型会议将讨论科学主题和未来方向。他们将确定重要的科学主题，随后将举行规模较小的重点会议(~12次)。虽然这些会议的大多数议题将在大型会议上选定，但已提前选定了三个。其中一个涉及生物圈的活性碳排放，两个涉及在不同复杂程度的模型中使用的大气化学方案。该网络还将开展两个具有挑战性的科学项目，由两个PDRA员额提供支助。这些活动的重点是为大气化学的两个关键过程制定受观测限制的度量标准：输送和沉积。这两个过程都需要“适合于目的”，才能使ESM适合于大气化学研究。全国各地的团体，包括那些运行ESM的团体，将提供相关的模型模拟。将构建基于观测的指标，并对模型进行比较，以评估它们的适用性。其他活动将包括举办讲习班，使注重过程的科学家能够与当代NERC/MO环境监测和监测机制接触；举行会议，与环境监测和监测系统讨论技术/软件/治理问题；支持该网络参与类似的国际努力；以及创建一个新兴科学家网络，以培养下一代科学家。

Atmospheric chemistry plays an essential role in the Earth system. Whether from the perspective of a changing radiation balance, the impact of pollutants on vegetation, the size distribution of cloud droplets or the effect of desert dust on ocean bio-geochemistry, understanding the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere is vital. The UK has a long history in atmospheric chemistry research, from the early days of sulphur smogs, through stratospheric ozone depletion to ongoing research on air quality and climate. The UK community is diverse and plays a central role in global efforts to advance understanding through laboratory, field and process modelling studies.Much of this world-leading atmospheric chemistry research focuses on developing detailed understanding of the various processes controlling atmospheric composition. However, addressing many of society's greatest environmental problems now requires a wider 'Earth System' approach which considers the ensemble of processes occurring on the planet, from the biosphere, to the oceans, cryosphere and the atmosphere, rather than focusing on a single domain in isolation. Earth System Models represent our understanding of processes and interactions across these domains and creating such models is one of the grand challenges for science. Achieving an effective integration of state-of-the-science understanding derived from process studies into Earth System Models is a challenge. This network will encourage this integration in order to better develop the UK's capabilities in atmospheric chemistry and Earth System Modelling. The network will achieve this exchange in two main ways. The first will be through a series of meetings, the second will be through the community undertaking two science projects. The first activity will be a comprehensive series of meetings bring together the various processes focused groups with Earth System Modelling focused groups. These will include groups from universities, NERC Centres and Meteorological Services. These will include both large, multi-day inclusive meetings to bring together the whole community and smaller, more focused meetings. The three large meetings will discuss science topics and future directions. They will identify important science topics which will be followed up with smaller focused meetings (~12). Although the topics of the majority of these meetings will be chosen at the large meetings, three have been chosen in advance. One of these involves reactive carbon emissions from the biosphere and two involve the atmospheric chemistry schemes used within models of different complexities. The network will also undertake two challenging science projects supported by two PDRA posts. These focus on developing observationally constrained metrics of two key processes for atmospheric chemistry: transport and deposition. Both of these processes need to be 'fit for purpose' for ESMs to be suitable for atmospheric chemistry studies. Groups across the country, including those running ESMs, will provide relevant model simulations. Observationally based metrics will be constructed and the models compared to assess their suitability. Other activities will include workshops to allow process focused scientists to engage with the current generation of NERC/MO ESM; meetings to discuss technical/software/governance issues with ESMs; support for the network to engage with similar international efforts; and the creation of an Emerging Scientists network to foster the next generation of scientists.