International Network for QBO Research (QBOnet)

大气在时间尺度上变化，从几秒（或更短）到几年。前者的一个例子是在沙尘暴中围绕地面旋转的树叶，而后者的一个例子是发生在赤道上空平流层高处的准两年振荡（QBO）。QBO被视为风的缓慢蜿蜒：从东风到西风再到东风，时间尺度约为2.5年。这种“振荡”是相当有规律的，因此可以预测从几个月到几年。这些风也与冬季高纬度平流层的天气事件以及北大西洋和欧洲的天气状况有关。正是这种潜在的可预测性和与天气的联系可以影响到人们，企业和最终的经济，这使得更多地了解这些平流层风是可取的。然而，很难在全球气候模型中重现这种现象。我们知道，要在模型中得到这些风，需要很高的（垂直）分辨率。可能需要高于600- 800米的垂直分辨率。在大多数具有QBO的GCM中，情况都是如此，但为什么呢？我们还知道，需要有波浪晃动，要么是可以在模型中“看到”的波浪，要么是通过参数化推断的波浪效应。得到正确的波的混合，你可以得到一个QBO。如果混合不对，你就不会。同样，我们也不完全知道为什么。此外，我们还知道热带上空的对流冒泡以及空气向上和向外缓慢迁移到两极也对解决QBO有很大的影响。所有这些因素都需要以某种方式加以限制，以获得QBO。问题在于，这些因素在不同的气候模型中总是不同的。正是由于这个原因，在气候模式中获得规则的QBO是如此困难。本项目的兴趣是探索QBO对许多气候模式和再分析（与观测一起使用的模式）中分辨率、扩散和物理过程变化的敏感性。为了实现这一目标，我们正在寻求汇集世界各地所有主要的建模中心和所有对QBO感兴趣的主要研究人员，以探索更强大的建模方法，并在重新分析中寻找共性和差异。我们希望通过这样做，我们可能会得到更多的模拟中心感兴趣，从而提高模型的数量，可以重现QBO。我们还希望我们能够更好地了解北大西洋和欧洲周围的影响，这些影响可能会影响我们的季节预测。QBOnet的主要目标是通过激发积极致力于QBO的研究人员之间的国际合作，促进我们对QBO的理解和建模的重大进展。次要目标包括：（1）建立所需的方法和实验，以最有效地比较主导过程参与维持QBO在不同的模型，以及它们是如何修改的分辨率，数值表示和物理参数化。(2)促进（1）通过PI和研究人员与项目合作伙伴进行有针对性的访问，并通过3-4天的研讨会（3）在JASMIN设施上为QBOi和S-RIP QBO项目建立和推广共享计算资源

The atmosphere changes on time scales from seconds (or less) through to years. An example of the former are leaves swirling about the ground within a dust-devil, while an example of the latter is the quasibiennial oscillation (QBO) which occurs over the equator high up in the stratosphere. The QBO is seen as a slow meander of winds: from easterly to westerly to easterly over a time scale of about 2.5 years. This 'oscillation' is quite regular and so therefore is predictable out from months through to years. These winds have also been linked with weather events in the high latitude stratosphere during winter, and also with weather regimes in the North Atlantic and Europe. It is this combination of potential predictability and the association with weather which can affect people, businesses and ultimately economies which makes knowing more about these stratospheric winds desirable.However, it has been difficult to get this phenomenon reproduced in global climate models. We know that to get these winds in models one needs a good deal of (vertical) resolution. Perhaps better than 600-800m vertical resolution is needed. In most GCMs with a QBO this is the case, but why? We also know that there needs to be waves sloshing about, either ones that can be 'seen' in the models, or wave effects which are inferred by parameterisations. Get the right mix of waves and you can get a QBO. Get the wrong mix and you don't. Again we do not know entirely why. Furthermore, we also know convection bubbling up over the tropics and the slow migration of air upwards and out to the poles also has a big impact of resolving the QBO. All of these factors need to be constrained in some way to get a QBO. The trouble is that these factors are invariably different in different climate models. It is for this reason that getting a regular QBO in a climate model is so hard.This project is interested in exploring the sensitivity of the QBO to changes in resolution, diffusion and physics processes in lots of climate models and in reanalyses (models used with observations). To achieve this, we are seeking to bring together all the main modelling centres around the world and all the main researchers interested in the QBO to explore more robust ways of modelling this phenomena and looking for commonalities and differences in reanalyses. We hope that by doing this, we may get more modelling centres interested and thereby improve the number of models which can reproduce the QBO. We also hope that we can get a better understanding of those impacts seen in the North-Atlantic and around Europe and these may affect our seasonal predictions. The primary objective of QBOnet is to facilitate major advances in our understanding and modelling of the QBO by galvanizing international collaboration amongst researchers that are actively working on the QBO. Secondary objectives include:(1) Establish the methods and experiments required to most efficiently compare dominant processes involved in maintaining the QBO in different models and how they are modified by resolution, numerical representation and physics parameterisation.(2) Facilitate (1) by way of targeted visits by the PI and researchers with project partners and through a 3-4 day Workshop(3) Setup and promote a shared computing resource for both the QBOi and S-RIP QBO projects on the JASMIN facility