Sandscaping for Mitigating Coastal Flood and Erosion Risk to Energy Infrastructure on Gravel Shorelines: a case study approach

这项拟议的研究旨在扩展英国其他沿海能源设施已经在进行的工作，提供有关未来洪水风险和对现有沿海能源基础设施影响的基本细节，并开发用于指导业务和战略行动的决策支持工具(开源地理信息系统)。这对于建立整个能源部门对极端事件(如沿海风暴、高河流量)和较长期气候变化(如海平面上升、波浪气候)的复原力至关重要，这种方式不依赖紧急措施或对消费者能源账单产生重大影响。这项计划亦有助推动我们现行的能源策略(核电建设、海上可再生能源、能源基建投资、建筑能源保安)、加强沿海低地和低洼河流泛滥平原的抗洪能力，以及减少我们对海防工程解决方案的依赖。研究分为两个阶段。第一个是洪水风险评估，基于对海平面上升、风暴、海浪漫顶和河流高流量的极端水平进行建模。这项评估将作为开放源码地理信息系统的投入，为一系列能源和沿海利益攸关方提供业务和战略规划的决策支持系统。这直接建立在为西北地区和欣克利角、塞兹韦尔、布拉德韦尔和塞拉菲尔德核设施制定的(http://www.liv.ac.uk/geography-and-planning/research/adaptation-and-resilience-of-coastal-energy-supply/)项目的一部分。决策支持系统旨在为能源行业提供决策支持工具，以有计划和及时地应对极端事件，并通过分阶段投资从战略上应对未来的气候变化。沿海利益攸关方和社区还将DSS用作一种实用和可利用的工具，以确定关键转折点的时间和位置，在这些转折点/何时需要在现有的海岸线管理计划内重新评估战略沿海规划备选方案。第二阶段是根据荷兰正在开发的大规模、自给自足的海滩补给模式进行的“沙化”范围研究，从而为沿海地貌系统提供必要的沉积库，以便对海平面上升作出积极反应，并对风暴事件具有弹性。这一创新方法需要进行基础研究和应用研究，以确定可行性，并确定可能在目标地点向下漂移或离岸产生的任何负面后果。在这里，该项目将国家海洋学中心(NOC)对水动力和沉积物模拟的最先进的理解和应用，以及在皇冠地产(TCE)和皇家哈斯科宁-DHV(RHDHV)的“软”海岸防御和战略海岸规划方面的商业、工程和环境专业知识结合在一起，以建立一种方法，以确定关于海岸水动力、沉积物来源和输送、海岸形态演变、更广泛的环境影响和项目许可的沙化项目参数。这两个阶段将被整合到一个案例研究中，重点是将敦刻内斯作为具有代表性的砾石海岸线。Dungeness不是ARCoES的研究地点之一，但在去年已经成为国家电网和Magnox有限公司的优先领域。因此，拟议的合作满足了一群已经在英国各地的地点合作的合作伙伴的迫切研究需求。

The proposed research aims to extend work that is already underway for other coastal energy installations around the UK, to provide essential detail on future flood risk and impacts on existing coastal energy infrastructure and develop a decision-support tool (open source GIS) for guiding operational and strategic actions. This is essential for building resilience across the energy sector to extreme events (e.g. coastal storms, high river flows) and longer-term climate change (e.g. sea-level rise, wave climate) in a way that does not rely on emergency measures or impact greatly on consumer energy bills. The project also contributes significantly to taking forward our current energy strategy (nuclear new build, offshore renewables, energy infrastructure investment, building energy security), to enhancing flood resilience in coastal lowlands and low-lying river floodplains, and to reducing our reliance on hard engineering solutions to coastal defence.Research is divided into two stages. The first is a flood risk assessment based on modeling extreme levels from sea-level rise, storms, wave overtopping and high river flows. This assessment will be the input to an open-source GIS to provide a range of energy and coastal stakeholders with a decision-support system (DSS) for operational and strategic planning. This builds directly on the methodology being developed as part of the ARCoES project (http://www.liv.ac.uk/geography-and-planning/research/adaptation-and-resilience-of-coastal-energy-supply/) for the NW region and nuclear sites at Hinkley Point, Sizewell, Bradwell and Sellafield. The DSS is designed as a decision-support tool for the energy industry in responding in a planned and timely way to extreme events and strategically to future climate change through staged investment. The DSS is also being used as a practical and accessible tool by coastal stakeholders and communities to identify the timing and location of key tipping points where/when strategic coastal planning options will need to be re-evaluated within existing shoreline management plans. The second stage is a scoping study for 'sandscaping' that follows the model being developed in the Netherlands for large-scale, self-sustaining beach recharge, thus providing the necessary sediment reservoir for coastal geomorphic systems to respond positively to sea-level rise and to be resilient to storm events. This innovative approach requires both fundamental and applied research to establish feasibility and to identify any negative consequences that might arise down-drift or offshore from the target site. Here, the project brings together state-of-the-art understanding and applications of hydrodynamic and sediment modeling from the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) with business, engineering and environmental expertise in 'soft' coastal defence and strategic coastal planning at The Crown Estate (TCE) and Royal Haskoning-DHV (RHDHV) to establish a methodology for establishing the parameters for a sandscaping project with respect to coastal hydrodynamics, sediment source and transport, coastal morphological evolution, wider environmental impact, and project licensing. These two stages will be integrated in a case study focused on Dungeness as a representative gravel shoreline. Dungeness is not one of the study sites for ARCoES yet has emerged in the last year as a priority area for National Grid and Magnox Ltd. Consequently, the proposed collaboration addresses a pressing research need amongst a group of partners who are already working in partnership at sites across the UK.