EFFECTS OF FLUORIDE IN MEDICALLY COMPROMISED ANIMALS

大量的实验和临床数据已经证实，在 饮用水中的氟化物浓度约为1ppm， 有效减少龋齿的发生率， 不良临床反应。 然而，由于其良好的记录， 随着氟化物的防龋性能，氟化物越来越多地被添加到其他牙科产品中， 健康产品，以及由此导致的人口接触的增加， 氟化物重新考虑了存在的安全边际， 在氟化物暴露的安全和毒性水平之间。 有理由 特别是在氟化物代谢可能被改变的情况下 生理功能受损 本研究的目的是， 因此，为了确定慢性氟暴露对 生理上受损的动物，以测试假设， 在衰老、代谢或肾脏疾病的条件下，或在营养不良的情况下， 缺乏，氟化物的生物影响增加和阈值 安全的氟化物暴露减少。 该项目的具体目标 将监测氟化物平衡，终末血液和组织氟化物 水平、组织完整性和功能的变化以及遗传改变 在以下条件下长期暴露于氟化物的动物中：1）老化; 2)糖尿病; 3）慢性肾衰竭;和4）营养缺乏。 监测参数的变化将使用生物化学， 组织学和遗传毒性方法。 如果氟化物的影响 增加，或成为有毒的，在这些高风险的动物种群和 假设这项研究是正确的，那么这个项目的数据将有助于 通过类似的方法， 高风险人群，并将澄清安全，公众 氟化物的健康使用。

Extensive experimental and clinical data have established that, at a concentration of approximately 1 ppm in drinking water, fluoride is highly effective in reducing the incidence of dental caries and does not cause adverse clinical responses. However, because of its well-documented cariostatic property, fluoride is increasingly being added to other dental health products, and the resulting increase in exposure of populations to fluoride has renewed consideration of the margin of safety which exists between the safe and toxic levels of fluoride exposure. There is cause for concern particularly in cases where fluoride metabolism may be altered by impaired physiological function. The objective of this study is, therefore, to determine the effects of chronic fluoride exposure on physiologically compromised animals in order to test the hypothesis that, under conditions of aging, metabolic or kidney diseases, or nutritional deficiencies, the biological impact of fluoride increases and the threshold for safe fluoride exposure is decreased. The specific aims of this project will be to monitor fluoride balance, terminal blood and tissue fluoride levels, changes in tissue integrity and function, and genetic alterations in animals chronically exposed to fluoride under conditions of: 1) aging; 2) diabetes; 3) chronic renal failure; and 4) nutritional deficiencies. Changes in the monitored parameters will be measured using biochemical, histological and genotoxic methodologies. If the effects of fluoride are increased, or become toxic, in these higher-risk animal populations and the hypothesis of this study is true, then data from this project will help establish awareness of the need for discriminant use of fluoride by similar high-risk human populations, and will clarify criteria for the safe, public health use of fluoride.