TAKING THE BITE OUT OF WETLANDS: MANAGING MOSQUITOES AND THE SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL VALUE OF WETLANDS FOR WELLBEING

在对极端天气事件和气候变化的短期和长期应对背景下，英国对湿地对健康和福祉影响的兴趣有所增加。这反映在英国湿地愿景（Hume，2008年）中，该愿景确定了“通过更好地理解和利用自然功能的河流和湿地提供的好处，使湿地与人们的生活更加相关”（第7页）。湿地的扩张可以带来许多好处，但也可能增加蚊子传播疾病的可能性。人们对湿地扩张对疾病风险的后果缺乏了解。这种知识差距为新闻界和媒体猜测“杀手”蚊子在英格兰蔓延的问题开辟了空间，这反过来又会加剧社区的不安和对湿地创造和扩张的反对。因此，该项目的一个关键问题是为不同的最终用户制定生态干预措施和指导，以尽量减少与蚊子有关的问题，并通过对蚊子影响的湿地价值的更广泛理解来促进。英国湿地愿景中设想的湿地发展对社会和经济福祉的潜在贡献可能会受到蚊子和叮咬昆虫带来的风险的严重限制。该项目的总体目标是展示如何最大限度地发挥湿地的积极社会文化和生态价值，以促进福祉，减少负面态度。将制定供英国公共卫生部门使用的管理干预措施和一般准则，以限制蚊子种群的破坏性影响，并提高对蚊子在湿地生态系统中的生态价值的认识。该项目将增加我们对湿地环境的了解，并展示如何在更广泛的湿地估值理解中嵌入生态干预措施，为广泛的利益相关者带来福祉。有四个主要目标：1）开发一个新的概念性基于地方的生态系统服务和福祉框架，以了解干预措施的影响和湿地价值。2)探索十二个案例研究地点的湿地和蚊子的价值。3)制定湿地价值评估和蚊子种群管理指南，以提高英国湿地的福祉价值。4)制作一个以地点为基础的故事，讲述21世纪初英国社会对湿地的社会文化、经济和生态价值。不同的利益相关者对湿地有不同的看法。因此，该项目旨在为一系列湿地管理环境提供技术干预和一般指导，以最大限度地提高福祉。一系列利益相关者是这项研究的潜在受益者，包括土地管理者，非政府组织，保护团体，当地居民，游客和游客等。这项研究将有助于湿地愿景的实施，了解湿地价值的复杂方式，并制定措施，以最大限度地提高福祉和减少贬值。好处包括：a）为终端用户制定一系列技术干预措施，以控制蚊子; B）提高湿地的社会和文化价值，以促进湿地扩大，应对极端天气和气候变化; c）增加湿地游客和当地居民体验健康和福祉益处的机会; d）通过减少与湿地相关的焦虑，增加旅游和休闲的机会。休姆角2008.湿地远景技术文件：项目理念和技术方法的概述和报告。湿地愿景伙伴关系。

Interest in the health and wellbeing impacts of wetlands has increased in the UK, in the context of both short and long term responses to extreme weather events and climate change. This is reflected in the UK Wetland Vision (Hume, 2008) that identifies a need to 'make wetlands more relevant to people's lives by better understanding and harnessing the benefits provided by naturally-functioning rivers and wetlands' (p.7). Expansion of wetlands can bring many benefits but it can also increase potential for mosquito-borne disease. There is a lack of knowledge about the consequences of wetland expansion for disease risk. This knowledge gap opens up space for speculation in the press and media about the perceived problems of 'killer' mosquitoes spreading across England, which can in turn fuel community unease and opposition to wetland creation and expansion. A key concern of the project is, therefore, to develop ecological interventions and guidance for diverse end-users to minimise mosquito-related problems, framed within and facilitated by a broader understanding of wetland value as impacted by mosquitoes. The potential contribution of wetland development to social and economic wellbeing envisaged in the UK Wetland Vision could be severely constrained by a failure to adequately address the risks imposed by mosquitoes and biting insects.The overall aim of this project will be to show how positive socio-cultural and ecological values of wetlands can be maximised for wellbeing and negative attitudes reduced. Management interventions for use by Public Health England and general guidelines will be developed to limit the damaging effects of mosquito populations and enhance appreciation of the ecological value of mosquitoes in wetland ecosystems. The project will result in an increase in our understanding of wetland environments and demonstrate how ecological interventions embedded in a broader understanding of wetland valuation can deliver wellbeing benefits to a broad range of stakeholders. There are four main objectives:1) Development of a new conceptual place-based ecosystem services and wellbeing framework for understanding the impact of interventions and wetland values. 2) Exploration of the value of wetlands and mosquitoes in twelve case study locations. 3) Production of guidelines for valuing wetlands and managing mosquito populations to enhance the value of British wetlands for wellbeing. 4) Production of a place-based narrative on the socio-cultural, economic and ecological value of wetlands in British Society in the early years of the 21st Century.There are divergent views of wetlands among different stakeholders. This project is therefore designed to provide technical interventions and general guidelines in a range of wetland management contexts to maximise wellbeing benefits. A range of stakeholders are potential beneficiaries of this research including land managers, non-governmental organisations, conservation groups, local residents, visitors and tourists among others. This research will help implementation of the Wetland Vision by understanding the complex ways in which wetlands are valued and produce measures to maximise wellbeing benefits and minimise disvalue. Benefits include: a) production of a range of technical interventions for mosquito control by end users; b) raising the social and cultural value of wetlands to facilitate wetland expansion in response to extreme weather and climate change; c) enhanced opportunities for visitors to wetlands and local residence to experience health and wellbeing benefits; d) increased opportunities for tourism and leisure by reducing anxiety associated with wetlands. HUME, C. 2008. Wetland Vision Technical Document: overview and reporting of project philosophy and technical approach. The Wetland Vision Partnership.