SKELETAL MUSCLE--NEW BODY COMPOSITION MODELS

肥胖及其相关的医疗并发症是一种 黑人女性的主要健康问题。评估流行率 黑人女性肥胖的潜在发病机制需要 对身体脂肪和代谢活性的准确估计 组织块。目前，体重又细分为脂肪和 基于假设密度K的模型的脱脂分数 浓度，或脱脂体重的水合作用(FFM)。 虽然水密度法，全身计数为K，和总 体水法被认为是研究水平的技术， 根据它们进行校准的其他方法被广泛应用于临床。 实践或实地调查。对人体的评价 因此，构成在很大程度上依赖于这两个因素-- 基于或相对验证n的隔室模型 几乎没有白人男性身体。直到最近，推动超越这些 很少有活体身体研究受到无法获得的限制 他需要方法论。现在主要的技术进步， 然而，提供了重新校准两个隔间的机会 方法论和探索以前无法测量的身体 车厢。在我们资助的研究的初始阶段，我们 组合的独特资源(水密度法、双光子 吸光度测定法(DPA)，放射性同位素，中子非弹性 散射，以及延迟和迅速的伽马中子激活) 估计身体密度、骨灰、水、交换性钠和总 体内K、Na、Cl、N、P、Ca和C 我们：1)发展或显著改进三个多车厢 身体成分模型，2)评价了四种估算方法 体内FFM密度，3)验证了DPA在骨诱导中的应用 矿物质、附肢骨骼肌和全身脂肪，至 在配对(年龄、体重、 身高)女性的骨矿物质、全身K和FFM密度； (5)观察到水化作用的相对增加和降低。 肥胖黑人女性的FFM密度与匹配的苗条女性的比较 控制。这次更新的目的是：1)扩展我们的主题 泳池(n-7)，提供两个隔间的最终系数 女性模特作为年龄、种族和体脂的函数；2) 与全身活动相关的静息代谢率模型 在这组不同的受试者中进行成分测量；以及 3)批判性地评估身体组成方法和模型 追踪肥胖女性在减肥后的脑室变化 三个多月的低热量饮食。

Obesity and its associated medical complications represent a major health problem in black women. Evaluating the prevalence and underlying pathogenesis of obesity in black women requires accurate estimates of body fat and the metabolically active tissue mass. At present body weight is subdivided into fat and fat-free fractions through models based on an assumed density, K concentration, or hydration of the fat-free body mass (FFM). Although hydrodensitometry, whole body counting for K, and total body water methods are considered research level techniques, other methods calibrated against them are widely used in clinical practice or in field surveys. The evaluation of human body composition thus relies to a very large extent on the two- compartment models which are based on or validated n relatively few white male cadavers. Until recently , pushing beyond these few cadaver studies in vivo was limited by the unavailability of he required methodology. Major technological advances now, however, provide the opportunity to recalibrate two-compartment methodology and to explore previously unmeasurable body compartments. In the initial phase of our funded study we combined unique resources (hydrodensitometry, dual photon absorptiometry (DPA), radioactive isotopes, neutron inelastic scattering, and delayed and prompt gamma neutron activation) to estimate body density, bone ash, H2O, exchangeable Na, and total body K, Na, Cl, N, P, Ca, and C. By applying these techniques we: 1) developed or markedly improved three-multicompartment body composition models, 2) evaluated four methods of estimating FFM density in vivo, 3) validated the use of DPA in deriving bone mineral, appendicular skeletal muscle, and total body fat, to demonstrate black-white differences in matched (age, weight, height) women for bone mineral, total body K, and FFM density; and 5) observed a relative increase in hydration and lowering of FFM density in obese black women compared to matched lean controls. The aims of this renewal are to 1) expand our subject pool (n-7) to provide definitive coefficients for two-compartment models in women as a function of age, ethnicity, and body fat; 2) model resting metabolic rate in relation to extensive body composition measurements in this diverse group of subjects; and 3) critically evaluate body composition methodology and models in tracking compartmental changes in obese women losing weight on a hypocaloric diet over three months.