SENSUM: Smart SENSing of landscapes Undergoing hazardous hydrogeological Movement

洪水和山体滑坡每年都会影响英国，包括内陆和沿着，造成破坏，偶尔造成死亡和严重的经济损失。气候变化和人口压力下的风暴增加导致英国和全球的山体滑坡和洪水灾害增加，并威胁到为管理这些灾害而建立的防御措施。监测不稳定的山坡和易发洪水的河流以及旨在管理这些的防御措施越来越重要。山体滑坡和洪水都是由暴雨引发的，往往同时发生，并可能相互作用，产生连锁反应的连锁危险影响。SENSUM提出了一种新的综合方法来解决这些“水文地质”灾害，利用无线传感器网络（WSN）和物联网（IoT）技术，微电子和机器学习的进步。这些令人兴奋的新工具将用于监测防御的稳定性，提供危险事件的警告，并改进数学模型和危险现象的可视化。滑坡和洪水的监测传统上是利用卫星遥感技术和有线地面仪器相结合的方法来测量控制相关灾害的因素，如河流水位、位移和土壤湿度。无线传感器网络（WSNs）显示出巨大的潜力，这些危险的监测和预警。它们的主要优势是使用易于部署的低功耗传感器，能够对环境进行连续，长期，低成本的监测。对于不经常发生且不可预测的山体滑坡和洪水，这是一项重要的技术进步。SENSUM建议开发创新的智能跟踪设备，嵌入山坡和河流上的巨石和木质碎片中，以实时警告与滑坡和洪水过程有关的运动。SENSUM项目的专家团队与外部合作伙伴密切合作，将在专门的实验室实验和现场开发和测试跟踪设备，并在英国和国外的不同地方部署智能巨石和木质碎片的试验网络。从现场和实验中获得的大量数据将用于改进数学模型，开发创新的预警系统和3D数字可视化。SENSUM团队是一个多元化、跨学科的跨国团队，由来自英国三所顶尖大学的环境科学家和工程师、计算机科学家和科学传播专家组成，他们的团队成员包括：埃克塞特大学、东安格利亚大学和普利茅斯大学，并将涉及几个项目合作伙伴，包括环境署、英格兰森林、自然英格兰和AECOM。它将与这些项目合作伙伴密切合作，设计一个有效的数字环境，用于监测和管理英国的滑坡和洪水灾害，并针对应用风险管理挑战。例如，在英国，环境署的任务是向受洪水影响的人口发出2小时警报。然而，由于缺乏监测河流流量的仪器，这些警告在英国景观的高地地区缺乏。SENSUM提出的嵌入滑坡和河道中的巨石和木质碎片中的智能跟踪装置将有助于解决这一限制，因此将大大改善移动预警，从而改善对潜在高风险自然事件的评估。该小组还将通过制作令人信服的滑坡和洪水灾害可视化图像，并通过项目讲习班和外联活动，让利益攸关方和公众参与。

Floods and landslides affect the UK every year, both inland and along the coast, causing disruption, occasional fatalities and severe economic loss. An increase in storminess under climate change and population pressure are resulting in an increase in landslide and flood hazards in the UK and globally and threatening the defences put in place to manage these hazards. Monitoring of unstable hillslopes and flood-prone rivers as well as defences designed to manage these is increasingly vital. Landslides and floods are both triggered by heavy rainfall, often occur at the same time, and may interact to generate a chain reaction of knock-on hazardous effects. SENSUM proposes a new integrated way to tackle these 'hydrogeological' hazards, taking advantage of advances in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, microelectronics and machine learning. Those exciting new tools will be used to monitor the stability of defences, provide warnings of hazard events, and improve mathematical models and visualisation of hazardous phenomena. Landslides and floods have traditionally been monitored using a combination of satellite-based remote-sensing techniques and wired ground-based instruments to measure factors that control the related hazard, such as river flow level, displacement and soil moisture. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) show great potential for monitoring and early warning of these hazards. Their main advantage is their use of easily deployable, low-power sensors enabling continuous, long-term, low-cost monitoring of the environment. For landslides and floods, which occur infrequently and unpredictably, this is an important technological advance. SENSUM proposes to develop innovative smart tracking devices, embedded in boulders and woody debris on hillslopes and in rivers to give real-time warning of movement related to landslide and flood processes. Collaborating closely with external partners, the team of experts in the SENSUM project will develop and test the tracking devices both in dedicated laboratory experiments and in the field, with the deployment of trial networks of smart boulders and woody debris in different localities in the UK and abroad. The large set of data obtained from sites and experiments will be used to improve mathematical models, to develop innovative early warning systems and in 3D digital visualisations. This integrated approach will enable us to establish a comprehensive understanding of landslide and flood processes which will significantly reduce risk to society.The SENSUM team is a diverse, interdisciplinary and multinational team made up of a range of environmental scientists and engineers, computer scientists and science communication specialists from three leading UK universities: University of Exeter, University of East Anglia and University of Plymouth and will involve several project partners including the Environment Agency, Forest England, Natural England and AECOM. It will work closely with these project partners to design an effective digital environment for monitoring and managing landslide and flood hazards in the UK, and to target applied risk management challenges. For example, in the UK, the Environment Agency is tasked with giving a 2-hour warning to the population affected by floods. However, these warnings are lacking in the upland areas of the UK's landscape due to a lack of instruments to monitor river flow. The smart tracking devices embedded within boulder and woody debris in landslides and river channels proposed by SENSUM will help address that limitation, and therefore will significantly improve early warning of movement and consequently the assessment of potential high-risk natural events. The team will also engage stakeholders and the general public through the creation of compelling visualizations of landslide and flood hazards and through project workshops and outreach activities.