Landscape Regeneration Solutions to the Interlinked Extinction and Climate Crises that support Sustainable Development

基于自然的解决方案(NBS*)是对社会挑战的回应，涉及与自然合作，为人类和生物多样性带来好处。这些措施包括保护现有生态系统、恢复退化的生态系统和以更可持续的方式管理耕地。国家统计局在支持英国的净零气候目标和政府在一代人内改善环境的雄心方面具有国家战略重要性。它们也具有国际意义：131个国家将国家统计局纳入其《联合国气候变化框架公约》气候变化承诺。如果设计得当并得到有力实施，国家统计局将为减缓和适应气候变化、增强生物多样性、增进人类福祉和支持经济复苏带来多重好处。挑战在于，国家统计局的实施往往是零碎的，重点狭窄，并受到研究/政策/实践联系薄弱的破坏。UCAM-Regen将通过将其广泛的专业知识应用于实际驱动的分析来解决这一问题，该分析提供了解决国家BS交付面临的几个挑战所需的知识和工具：国家BS可以为实现净零排放做出重大贡献，尽管这种贡献的程度受到可用土地有限的限制，而且关键是受到气候变化对生态系统的影响。NBS不是经济脱碳的替代方案，必须伴随着快速、大幅的减排；它们必须与当地社区一起设计，并为当地社区设计；它们必须为生物多样性带来可衡量的好处，并设计为对气候变化具有弹性，即必须应用整合经济、社会和自然的“整体系统方法”--如UCAM-Regen。扩大、恢复和保护联合王国景观中的关键生态系统需要：(A)在规划系统中更好地保护自然生境；(B)改革农业和林业补贴，以更好地支持有利于气候调节和生物多样性的行动；(C)在新兴的自然恢复网络的基础上，将不同景观中的生境连接起来；(D)强制在所有新开发项目中建立国家生态系统框架；(E)在土地上腾出空间，使自然系统能够适应气候变化。有必要制定强有力的衡量标准，以评估广泛的国家基础设施在碳固存、水监管、生物多样性和人类福祉方面的有效性。设计良好的新融资机制，包括符合国家统计局指导方针的生态系统管理税收激励和公共补贴，并支持气候变化缓解、气候变化适应和生物多样性，可能有助于提升国家统计局的规模，提高英国和全球对气候变化的社会生态适应能力。UCAM-Regen通过应用完整的系统方法来提供使用NBS方法再生英国景观所需的知识和工具，从而解决了这些挑战。该提案的核心是认识到，当地社区必须参与有关其景观未来的决策，并共同制定解决方案，以最大限度地提供生态系统服务的最佳景观管理方法的科学评估为依据。*我们接受由库姆斯·https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/Media_790171_smxx.pdf教授领导的COP26大学网络简报会的政策建议和定义。

Nature-based solutions (NbS*) are responses to societal challenges that involve working with nature to deliver benefits for both people and biodiversity. They include protecting existing ecosystems, restoring degraded ecosystems and managing working lands more sustainably. NbS are of national strategic importance in supporting the UK's net zero climate targets and the Government's ambition to improve the environment within a generation. They have gained international significance too: 131 countries include NbS in their UNFCCC climate change pledges. If well designed and robustly implemented, NbS will deliver multiple benefits for climate change mitigation and adaptation, enhance biodiversity, promote human wellbeing and support economic recovery. The challenge is that the implementation of NbS is often piecemeal, narrow in focus, and undermined by weak research/policy/practice connections. UCam-Regen will redress this problem by applying its breadth of expertise in a practically driven analysis that provides the knowledge and tools needed to address several challenges facing the delivery of NbS:NbS can contribute significantly to achieving net zero emissions, although the extent of that contribution is limited by the finite amount of land available and critically by the effects of climate change on ecosystems. NbS are not an alternative to decarbonising the economy and must be accompanied by swift, deep emissions cuts; they must be designed with and for local communities; and they must deliver measurable benefits for biodiversity and be designed to be resilient to climate change i.e. a 'whole systems approach' must be applied - as in UCam-Regen - that integrates economies, societies, and nature. Scaling up, restoration and protection of key ecosystems across UK landscapes requires (a) better protection of natural habitats in the planning system; (b) reforming agriculture and forestry subsidies to better support actions that benefit both climate regulation and biodiversity; (c) connecting habitats across landscapes, building on the emerging Nature Recovery Networks; (d) making it compulsory to build an NbS framework into all new developments, and (e) making space on land for natural systems to adapt to climate change. There is a need to develop robust metrics to assess the effectiveness of a wide range of NbS for carbon sequestration, water regulation, biodiversity and human wellbeing. Well-designed new financing mechanisms, including tax incentives and public subsidies for ecosystem stewardship that meet the NbS guidelines and support climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation and biodiversity, could be instrumental for upscaling NbS and improving social-ecological resilience to climate change, both in the UK and globally. UCam-Regen addresses these challenges by applying a whole systems approach to deliver knowledge and tools necessary to regenerate UK landscapes using NbS approaches. At the heart of the proposal is a recognition that local communities must be engaged with decisions regarding their landscape's future and co-produce solutions, informed by scientific assessments of the optimal landscape management approaches to maximise the delivery of ecosystem services.*We take policy recommendation and definitions from a COP26 Universities Network Briefing led by Prof Coomes https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/Media_790171_smxx.pdf