NEUROBIOLOGY OF SIMPLE OCULOMOTOR SYSTEM

描述（摘自摘要）：视觉感知和由此产生的行动 源自神经元之间的相互作用， 解析特定计算任务的路径。 在哺乳动物中， 对这些神经基质的实验访问受到以下因素的限制， 规模、受试者可用性和经济性。 的替代系统 优雅地展示了识别出的神经元如何相互作用， 视觉世界的基本特征，如运动，是由 双翅目视觉系统 这个模型和哺乳动物模型一样， 拥有一个无色大细胞神经元系统， 关于运动到控制视动行为的中心的信息。 还有第二个平行的小细胞神经元系统， 大脑中类似皮质的区域编码有关模式的信息， 方向和颜色。 深入分析和预测建模 组成这两个子系统的功能识别神经元现在 提供了对突触排列和神经元的基本见解， 控制头部运动的基本机制和分析 形状和颜色。 拟议的研究将调查：神经机制 和非彩色神经元之间的电路特性，（a）计算第一个 运动检测阶段，（B）将运动信息与对象相结合 检测以提供针对目标的头部移动、扫视和距离 感知，以及（c）通过将它们与 监测头部运动的本体感受性反射。 神经机制 以及小细胞神经元之间的电路特性， 共同区分方向、纹理和颜色。 研究 强调细胞内记录，共聚焦研究充满染料的神经元， 突触学和神经递质的识别和定位。 模型（a）测试突触电路的功能特性， 记录和识别神经元，（B）指导新的实验，以及（c）服务于 作为这个模型视觉系统的逆向工程的基础。 一个完整 对双翅目昆虫系统的功能和计算理解将 对视觉处理的基本原理提供了重要的见解， 为构建小型化假肢提供必要信息 视觉系统和自动机。

DESCRIPTION (taken from abstract): Visual perception and resulting actions derive from interactions amongst neurons that are organized as parallel pathways that parse out specific computational tasks. In mammals, experimental access to these neural substrates is limited by factors such as size, subject availability, and economics. An alternative system that elegantly demonstrates how identified neurons interact to process fundamental features of the visual world, such as motion, is provided by the dipteran visual system. This model, like its mammalian counterpart, possesses a system of achromatic magnocellular neurons that carry information about motion to a center controlling optokinetic behavior. There is also a second, parallel system of parvocellular neurons that supply a cortex-like area in the brain encoding information about pattern, orientation, and color. In-depth analysis and predictive modeling of functionally identified neurons that comprise these two subsystems are now providing fundamental insights into the synaptic arrangements and neural mechanisms that underlie the control of head movements and the analysis of form and color. The proposed research will investigate: Neural mechanisms and circuit properties amongst achromatic neurons that (a) compute the first stages of motion detection, (b) integrate motion information with object detection to provide target-directed head movements, saccades, and distance perception, and (c) control saccadic head movements by integrating them with proprioceptive reafference that monitors head movements. Neural mechanisms and circuit properties amongst parvocellular neurons that separately and collectively discriminate orientations, textures, and color. The research emphasizes intracellular recordings, confocal studies of dye-filled neurons, synaptology, and identification and localization of neurotransmitters. Models to (a) test the functional properties of synaptic circuits amongst recorded and identified neurons, (b) direct novel experiments, and (c) serve as a basis for reverse engineering of this model visual system. A complete functional and computational understanding of the dipteran system will provide crucial insights into basic principles of visual processing and will provide essential information for constructing miniaturized prosthetic visual systems and automata.