RAPID-Evolution

大西洋经向翻转环流（英语：Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation，简称AMOC）是一个洋流系统，它使海水在大西洋周围循环。它是地球气候系统的重要组成部分，在调节全球气候和天气模式方面发挥着重要作用。了解气候变化：对AMOC的持续观测有助于科学家更好地了解气候变化如何影响海洋环流和热量输送。通过持续监测AMOC，研究人员可以识别其强度，速度和位置的变化，这可以帮助他们对未来气候变化做出更准确的预测。改进气候模型：AMOC的持续观测有助于通过提供数据来验证和改进模型预测来改进气候模型。这些信息可以帮助科学家更准确地预测气候变化对地球生态系统各个方面的影响，如海平面，海洋酸度和天气模式。探测突变：AMOC的突变可能对地球的气候和天气模式产生重大影响。对AMOC的持续监测可以帮助科学家及早发现这些变化，从而及时采取干预和缓解策略。了解生态系统：AMOC在调节海洋生态系统方面发挥着关键作用，持续的观测可以帮助研究人员更好地了解AMOC的变化如何影响海洋生物，如浮游生物，鱼类和其他生物。预测极端天气事件：AMOC对天气模式有着重要的影响，持续的监测可以帮助研究人员对飓风、洪水和干旱等极端天气事件做出更准确的预测。总的来说，对AMOC的持续观测对于了解地球气候系统及其对地球各个方面的影响至关重要，包括环境、生态系统和人类社会。通过持续观测AMOC，我们可以提高对地球气候系统的认识，更好地预测和准备气候变化的影响。自2004年以来，AMOC一直在佛罗里达和非洲之间的26 N处观测。这在很大程度上依赖于水中的高大系泊设备和研究船来收集数据并更换系泊设备。在这项计划中，我们将利用新技术，以比目前低得多的成本设计一个适合目的的可持续AMOC观测系统，并通过卫星传回数据。这将使我们能够从2027年开始部署优化的低成本26N AMOC观测系统。

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a system of ocean currents that circulate water around the Atlantic Ocean. It is a vital part of the Earth's climate system, playing a significant role in regulating global climate and weather patterns.We need to Continuously observe the AMOC for several reasons:1. Understanding Climate Change: Continuous observations of the AMOC help scientists better understand how climate change affects the ocean's circulation and heat transport. By continuously monitoring the AMOC, researchers can identify changes in its intensity, speed, and location, which can help them make more accurate predictions about future changes in the climate.2. Improving Climate Models: Continuous observations of the AMOC help improve climate models by providing data to validate and refine model predictions. This information can help scientists make more accurate projections about the effects of climate change on various aspects of the Earth's ecosystem, such as sea levels, ocean acidity, and weather patterns.3. Detecting Abrupt Changes: Abrupt changes in the AMOC could have significant impacts on the Earth's climate and weather patterns. Continuous monitoring of the AMOC can help scientists detect such changes early, allowing for timely intervention and mitigation strategies to be put in place.4. Understanding Ecosystems: The AMOC plays a critical role in regulating oceanic ecosystems, and continuous observations can help researchers better understand how changes in the AMOC affect marine life, such as plankton, fish, and other organisms.5. Predicting Extreme Weather Events: The AMOC has a significant impact on weather patterns, and continuous monitoring can help researchers make more accurate predictions about extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts.Overall, continuous observations of the AMOC are essential for understanding the Earth's climate system and its impact on various aspects of our planet, including the environment, ecosystems, and human societies. By continuously observing the AMOC, we can improve our understanding of the Earth's climate system, and better predict and prepare for the effects of climate change.The AMOC has been observed at 26N between Florida and Africa since 2004. This is heavily reliant on tall moorings in the water and research ships to collect the data and replace the moorings. In this programme, we will exploit new technologies to design a fit-for-purpose sustainable AMOC observing system at substantially lower cost than at present and deliver data back via satellite. This will allow us to deploy an optimised lower-cost 26N AMOC observing system from 2027.