RAPID-Evolution

这是一个由国家科学基金会地球科学局(NSF/GEO)和英国国家环境研究委员会(NERC)通过NSF/GEO-NERC牵头机构协议共同资助的项目。该协定允许美国和英国提交一个单一的联合提案，并由该机构进行同行审查，该机构的调查员在预算中所占比例最大。在成功地共同确定一项奖项建议后，每个机构将资助其各自国家机构中支持科学家的预算比例。在人为温室气体排放的影响下，全球气候系统正在迅速变化，而与深刻的环境、社会和经济影响相关的气候变化的一个主要机制是大西洋经向翻转环流(AMOC)。AMOC通过大西洋输送热量，周围大陆的气候和天气对其平均状态和变化很敏感。此外，AMOC对海洋对人为碳的封存起着重要的控制作用。政府间气候变化专门委员会的预测显示，下个世纪的大气环流系数将会下降，但目前了解大气环流指数状况和评估气候模型有效性的唯一方法是通过观察系泊阵列来观察它，而目前这种观测阵列很少。自2004年以来，英国和美国一直在合作实施26°N快速摩卡阵列。该阵列设计简单，但严重依赖于研究船。观测技术和过程理解方面的最新发展为测试观测大西洋子午线翻转环流(AMOC)的新方法提供了机会。该项目将设计和测试低成本、可持续的观测系统，以用户要求的精度和频率提供AMOC估计。目标利益相关者是规划气候变化影响的研究人员、预测者和决策者。该计划将由英国(NOC，气象局)和美国(迈阿密大学和NOAA大西洋海洋和气象实验室)合作实施。该计划的这个特殊组成部分将提供ADCP提供的滑翔机测量的温度、盐度和洋流，这些测量将被用于测试从海底压力梯度得出西边界倾覆传输的STEP方法。滑翔机上更高的测量密度将允许对这种方法进行更好的测试，而不是仅从系泊处进行测试。滑翔机部分将覆盖从巴哈马海岸到深海平原起点的离岸40公里的整个0-1000米的地带性部分。直接ADCP速度测量的经向分量将通过地转计算从密度剖面获得的速度估计值并通过与系泊海流计数据的比较来验证。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award recommendation, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget that supports scientists at institutions in their respective countries. The global climate system is rapidly changing under anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and a major mechanism of climate change associated with profound environmental, social and economic impacts is the meridional overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean (AMOC). AMOC transports heat through the Atlantic, and climate and weather on the surrounding continents is sensitive to its mean state and variability. Furthermore, AMOC exerts significant control on the ocean’s sequestration of anthropogenic carbon. IPCC projections have a declining AMOC over the next century, but at present the only way to know the state of the AMOC, and to assess the validity of climate models, is by observing it with moored arrays of which there are very few. Since 2004 the UK and US have worked in partnership to implement the 26°N RAPID-MOCHA array. The array is simple in design but heavily dependent on research vessels. Recent developments in observing technology and process understanding provide an opportunity to test new approaches to observing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This project will design and test lower-cost, sustainable observing systems to provide AMOC estimates at the accuracy and frequency required by users. Target stakeholders are researchers, forecasters, and decision-makers planning for the effects of climate change. The program will be delivered in a partnership between UK (NOC, Met Office) and US (University of Miami and NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory).This particular component of the program will provide glider measurements of temperature, salinity and currents from ADCP, which will be used to test the step method for deriving the wester boundary overturning transport from ocean bottom pressure gradients. The higher density of measurements from the glider will allow for better testing of this approach than can be done from the moorings alone. Glider sections will cover the entire 0-1000m zonal section spanning from the Bahamas shore to 40 km offshore where the abyssal plain starts. The meridional component of direct ADCP velocity measurements will be validated by the estimates of velocity that will be obtained from the density section through a geostrophic calculation and by comparison with the moored current meter data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.