STUDIES OF POPULATIONS EXPOSED TO ENVIROMENTAL SOURCES OF RADIATION

对受核试验或核事故沉降物影响的人口的研究是该项目的一个主要重点。乌克兰切尔诺贝利核反应堆事故导致白俄罗斯、乌克兰西北部和与俄罗斯接壤省份的儿童甲状腺癌发病率空前上升。在能源部和核管制委员会的协助下，国家癌症研究所组织了对白俄罗斯约15 000名儿童和乌克兰约15 000名儿童的长期跟踪研究。迄今为止，大约有10 000人的甲状腺接受了检查。在白俄罗斯进行的一项甲状腺癌病例对照研究中，使用了个体剂量估计值，证明了甲状腺癌与I-131之间具有统计学意义的剂量特异性联系。居住在俄罗斯Techa河沿着的村民受到来自Mayak核设施的长期外部和内部辐射。目前正在对大约28 000人的癌症死亡率进行评估，这些人接受了倾倒在河里的放射性废物的大剂量辐射。辐射流行病学分支对哈萨克斯坦塞米巴拉金斯克原子弹试验场附近受辐射严重和轻微村庄的3 000名居民进行了甲状腺筛查研究，这些居民在受辐射时年龄在15岁以下。来自美国和哈萨克斯坦的一组医生通过超声和穿刺活检对甲状腺进行了筛查。室内氡是世界人口的主要辐射源，可能是肺癌的重要原因。中国地下住宅居民肺癌与氡的大型病例对照研究正处于数据分析阶段。- 人类受试者和人类受试者：18岁以下的未成年人和人类受试者：仅面谈、实习或调查以及人体组织、液体、细胞等。

Studies of populations exposed to fallout from nuclear tests or accidents are a major focus of this project. The Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident in Ukraine has led to an unprecedented increase in thyroid cancer among children in Belarus, northwestern Ukraine, and bordering Russian provinces. With the assistance of the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), NCI has organized long-term follow-up studies of about 15,000 children in Belarus and 15,000 in Ukraine. To date, the thyroid glands of approximately 10,000 people have been screened. In a case- control study of thyroid cancer in Belarus, with individual dose estimates, a statistically significant dose-specific link between thyroid cancer and I-131 was demonstrated. Villagers living along the banks of the Techa River in Russia were exposed to chronic external and internal radiation from the Mayak nuclear facility. Cancer mortality is being evaluated in a cohort of approximately 28,000 people who received large doses of radiation from the radioactive waste dumped into the river. The Radiation Epidemiology Branch conducted a thyroid screening study of 3,000 residents of heavily exposed and lightly exposed villages near the Semipalatinsk Atomic Bomb Test Site in Kazakstan exposed to radioactive fallout, who were under 15 years of age at exposure. Screening of thyroid glands by ultrasound and needle biopsy when appropriate was performed by a team of physicians from the U.S. and Kazakstan. Indoor radon is a major source of radiation for the worlds population and may be an important cause of lung cancer. A large case-control study of lung cancer and radon among residents living in underground dwellings in China is in the data analysis stage. - Human Subjects & Human Subjects: Minor under 18 Years Old & Human Subjects: Interview, Questionaires, or Surveys Only & Human Tissues, Fluids, Cells, etc.