Advanced Electromagnetics Simulation

该提案建议通过tech - x和Cockcroft研究所之间的合作，为英国的“高科技”企业提供大规模并行电磁计算解决方案，为美国对英国的投资提供一个绝佳的机会。成功将使英国工业在开发全范围的高功率射频和微波系统方面具有优势。对内投资将加强英国的科学，为包括激光等离子体相互作用在内的其他电磁学问题提供世界领先的分析能力。通过与NW-GRID和拟议的哈特里中心的合作，达斯伯里科学与创新园区（DSIC）将作为高性能计算的卓越中心得到加强。粒子加速器和微波管的工程在很大程度上依赖于使用仿真软件来分析腔谐振器、慢波结构和相关部件中的电磁场。强大的计算机代码通常用于此目的。这些代码中的许多都包含粒子在细胞（PIC）求解器，它允许研究带电粒子和射频电磁场之间的相互作用。然而，由于功能强大的工作站的容量有限，常常无法对实际问题进行建模。不能用这些代码建模的问题包括：微波管在时域上的非线性性能；射频真空放电；和准直wakefields。对于诸如此类的问题，需要设计用于在大规模并行（网格）计算机上运行的PIC代码。该项目将采用Tech-X代码VORPAL，该代码设计用于在大规模并行计算系统上运行。这个代码已经被用来模拟等离子体物理和粒子加速器中的问题，包括加速结构、等离子体尾流场加速器和超导腔中的射频放电。该项目将使用NW-GRID对先前资助项目中产生的上述主题的实验数据进行建模。这项工作将由科克罗夫特加速器科学与技术研究所、兰开斯特大学的高功率射频工程小组和Tech-X新成立的英国子公司（位于达斯伯里科学与创新园区）雇用的员工共同开展。该项目将促进Tech-X UK的成立，以及母公司对达斯伯里科技创新园区的相关投资。它将帮助Tech-X以对英国和欧洲客户有价值的方式开发其产品。特别是，Cockcroft的科学家们带来了关于射频元件设计的关键建模需求和射频元件设计过程的宝贵知识。该项目还将提高Cockcroft研究所在其研究中使用最先进的计算方法的能力。

This proposal recommends the support of an outstanding opportunity for inward investment from the US to the UK through collaboration between Tech-X and the Cockcroft Institute to provide massively parallel electromagnetic computational solutions for 'high tech' UK businesses. Success will give UK industry the edge in the development of a whole range of high power RF and microwave systems. The inward investment will strengthen UK science by the provision of a world leading capability for the analysis of other problems in electromagnetics including laser plasma interactions. Through collaboration with NW-GRID and the proposed Hartree Centre the Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus (DSIC) will be strengthened as a centre of excellence in high power computing. The engineering of particle accelerators and microwave tubes depends heavily on the use of simulation software for analysis of the electromagnetic fields in cavity resonators, slow-wave structures and related components. Powerful computer codes are routinely used for this purpose. Many of these codes incorporate Particle in Cell (PIC) solvers which allow the interaction between charged particles and radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to be studied. However, it is found that it is frequently impossible to model real problems because of the limited capacity of even powerful workstations. Problems which cannot be modeled using these codes include the following important cases: Non-linear performance of microwave tubes in the time domain; Radio-frequency vacuum discharges; and Collimator wakefields. For problems such as these a PIC code which is designed to be run on massively parallel (grid) computers is required. The project will employ the Tech-X code VORPAL which has been designed to run on massively parallel computing systems. This code has already been used to model problems in plasma physics and particle accelerators including accelerating structures, plasma wakefield accelerators and radio-frequency discharges in superconducting cavities. This project will use NW-GRID to model experimental data on the topics mentioned above generated in previous funded projects. The work will be carried out jointly by the Cockcroft Institute for Accelerator Science and Technology, though the High Power RF Engineering group at Lancaster University, and staff employed by a newly created UK subsidiary of Tech-X based on the Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus. The project will facilitiate the establishment of Tech-X UK and the associated inward investment on Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus by the parent company. It will assist Tech-X with the development of its products in ways that will be valuable to UK and European customers. In particular, the Cockcroft scientists bring valuable knowledge about critical modeling needs for RF component design and about the process of RF component design. The project will also enhance the ability of the Cockcroft Institute to use state-of-the art computational methods in its research.