RISK-TAKING, ALCOHOL, AND HIV PREVENTION IN YOUTH

(修订) 申请人摘要：拟议的研究旨在增加对青少年感觉寻求和决策过程、酒精使用和危险行为之间关系的理解。根据以前对这些过程的研究，我们建议开发和测试更有效的大众媒体和基于学校的干预措施。这项拟议的研究将考察感觉寻求(即寻找情况)和冲动决策(即在情况下做出一次快速决定，基于可能不是“理性”的因素)与与酒精和其他药物使用相关的冒险行为的共同关系。根据我们之前的研究，我们预计，使用传统的以技能为基础的课堂课程，尤其难以接触到高感觉寻求和冲动决策者(HSS/IDM)的高中生。这些课程以理性决策模式为基础，没有充分重视酒精的作用，也没有充分重视替代那些需要减少或消除的活动。课程也可能不够快节奏和新奇，无法吸引高感觉寻求者的注意力。因此，我们建议开展一项以电台为基础的媒体宣传活动，向HSS/IDM个人传递信息，以增加他们在课程开始前和课程实施期间对校本计划的兴趣。我们还建议加强校本课程，以满足HSS/IDM个人在寻找感觉和做出决策方面的特殊需要，无论是在他们作为HSS/IDM个人的可能行为方面，还是在陈述方法本身方面。增强版将包括更大的新颖性、更多的参与度和更快的节奏。这项干预将在肯塔基州路易斯维尔和俄亥俄州克利夫兰的学校系统中进行为期三年的实验设计。它将包括第一年的主要干预措施和第二年和第三年的强化干预措施，以扩大干预的影响。将在三年期间进行多项后续评估，以独立和联合衡量媒体和课堂干预措施的影响。 拟议项目的具体目的是：更准确地描述高中生青少年饮酒、寻求感觉、冲动决策和危险行为之间的关系，并评估相关社会和心理调节变量的重要性；通过重点和反应小组，制定广播公共服务公告和增强版的技能课堂干预措施，以吸引HSS/IDM青少年对艾滋病毒的关注并提高其显着性；评估广播活动和强化的以技能为重点的课堂干预措施对艾滋病毒的感知风险、行为意图和酗酒与冒险行为的联合影响。

(Revised) APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: The proposed research is aimed at increasing understanding of the relationships among sensation seeking and decision-making processes, alcohol use, and risky behaviors in adolescents. Drawing upon previous research into these processes, we propose to develop and test more effective mass media and school-based interventions. The proposed research will examine the joint relationship of sensation-seeking (i.e., seeking out situations) and impulsive decision-making (i.e., making quick decisions once in a situation, based on factors that may not be "rational") with risk-taking in association with alcohol and other drug use. Based, on our previous research, we expect that high school-age students who are high on sensation-seeking and impulsive decision-makers (HSS/IDM) will be particularly difficult to reach using conventional skills-based classroom curricula. These curricula are based on models of rational decision-making and do not sufficiently focus on the role of alcohol, or on alternate activities to replace those to be reduced or eliminated. The curricula may also not be sufficiently fast-paced and novel to hold the high sensation seeker's attention. Thus, we propose to develop a radio-based media campaign with messages targeted to HSS/IDM individuals to increase their interest in the school-based program before the beginning of and during the implementation of the curriculum. We also propose to enhance the school-based curriculum to meet the special sensation-seeking and decision-making needs of the HSS/IDM individuals, both in terms of their likely behaviors as HSS/IDM individuals and in the method of presentation itself. The enhanced version will include greater novelty, more involvement, and a faster pace. The intervention will occur within an experimental design over a three-year period in school systems in Louisville, Kentucky and Cleveland, Ohio. It will consist of the main intervention in the first year and booster interventions within the second and third years, to augment the impact of the intervention. Multiple follow-up assessments will occur during the three-year time interval in order to measure the impact of media and classroom-based interventions both independently and jointly. Specific aims of the proposed project are to: delineate more precisely how alcohol use, sensation-seeking, impulsive decision-making, and risky behaviors are related among high school-aged adolescents, and assess the importance of relevant social and psychological mediating variables; develop, via focus and reaction groups, radio public service announcements (PSAs) and an enhanced version of a skills-based classroom intervention that will attract the attention of and increase the salience of HIV for HSS/IDM adolescents; and to assess the joint impact of a radio campaign and an enhanced skill-focused classroom-based HIV intervention on perceived risk of HIV, behavioral intentions, and alcohol use with risk-taking behaviors.